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- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Working safely in hot conditions
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe regulator's own page and the single most important thing to read before a Perth summer build. It grades heat illness into four stages with the numbers attached — heat exhaustion with a body temperature up to 39 degrees, heat stroke above 40 degrees and life-threatening — gives the fluid replacement rate of 250 ml of water every 15 to 20 minutes during hot work, explains that acclimatisation takes 7 to 14 days and is lost entirely after 4 weeks away from hot work, and sets out the first aid response for both heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Site establishment, safety, access and protecting what stays
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Sun safety in the workplace
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneHeat and UV are separate hazards and this is the UV half. Produced with Cancer Council WA, it gives the actionable thresholds: protection is needed whenever the UV Index is 3 or above, peak exposure is 10am to 3pm, broad-spectrum water-resistant SPF30+ sunscreen applied 20 minutes before going out and reapplied every two hours or more often when sweating, UPF 50+ long sleeves and long pants, and a hat with at least a 7.5 cm brim.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Site establishment, safety, access and protecting what stays
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Managing crystalline silica dust in the workplace
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneEvery hard-landscaping job involves cutting something that contains crystalline silica — pavers, blocks, limestone, concrete, brick. This page lists the controls in the order the regulator expects them: wet cutting and water sprays during earthworks first, then local extraction ventilation either fixed or on-tool, vacuum clean-up rather than sweeping, never compressed air, and respirators selected to AS/NZS 1715 only after the other controls are in place.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Site establishment, safety, access and protecting what stays
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Frequently asked questions - Working alone
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneAlmost every owner-builder landscape job is isolated work, and this is the regulator's definition: a person is isolated when they are on their own and cannot be seen or heard by another person, with no minimum duration required. It sets out the expected controls — a procedure for regular contact and a means of communication, arrival and departure calls, pre-arranged calls at scheduled times — which is exactly the discipline missing from most DIY builds.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Site establishment, safety, access and protecting what stays
- Freetool10 min to lodgeAustralian
Guide to free plans
Before You Dig Australia (BYDA)
Why this oneThe free national referral service that returns asset owners' plans for your address. This page is the practical guide: plans usually arrive within minutes but allow up to two business days, they come from the infrastructure owners rather than from BYDA, they must be kept on site, and a new enquiry is needed if the scope changes or the plans expire. It also explains when to engage an accredited locator instead of relying on the plans alone.
Change this for PerthPlans show which assets exist and roughly where — they are not a survey and they do not include private assets on your side of the meter. Retic mainline, pool plant power, shed subcircuits and old soakwell connections will not appear.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Site establishment, safety, access and protecting what stays
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Verge Permit Application and permit conditions
City of Stirling
Why this oneThe clearest published example of what a WA council actually requires when you use the verge for a landscaping job. Read the conditions, not the form: a $200 inspection fee and a refundable bond of $1,000 with no street tree, $2,000 where the largest council tree is 100 mm diameter at breast height or less, and $4,000 above that; a minimum 2 metre clear accessway where there is no footpath; tree protection zone fencing to AS 4970:2025 at not less than 2 metres by 2 metres and 1 metre clear of the trunk; and damage to a council tree valued against the bond using the Helliwell system.
Change this for PerthThese fees, bonds and conditions are City of Stirling's. Every WA local government sets its own under its own thoroughfares local law, and the amounts differ. Use this to learn what to ask about, then confirm the current figures and forms with your own council.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Site establishment, safety, access and protecting what stays
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Noise Regulations fact sheet — Regulation 13: Construction sites
Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneThe state regulator's plain explanation of when you are allowed to make construction noise. It defines construction work broadly enough to capture excavation, earthworks, demolition and site works, sets the permitted window at 7am to 7pm on any day that is not a Sunday or public holiday, requires the quietest reasonably available equipment, and sets out the noise management plan process for anything outside those hours, including 24 hours written notice to affected neighbours and an approved plan lodged at least seven days ahead.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Site establishment, safety, access and protecting what stays
- Freearticle15 minAustralian
AS 4970:2025 — your guide to Australia's new tree protection standard
Arbor Australis
Why this oneA free plain-English summary of what changed when AS 4970:2025 replaced the 2009 edition, which matters because council permits and arborist reports have already started citing the new version. It confirms the tree protection zone radius is still diameter at breast height multiplied by 12, explains the new notional root zone terminology, and sets out the encroachment tiers — minor up to 10 per cent, moderate above 10 to 20 per cent, major above 20 per cent or any structural root zone encroachment.
Change this for PerthThis is an arboriculture consultancy's own blog, used here because there is no free authoritative summary of the standard. The standard itself is a paid purchase from Standards Australia. Treat the numbers as a guide for planning your own protection fencing, and get a consulting arborist's report if a council-controlled or significant tree is close to the works.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Site establishment, safety, access and protecting what stays
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Asbestos law and guidance
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe regulator's own statement of the removal thresholds under the Work Health and Safety (General) Regulations 2022, which is the number that decides whether a fibro shed is a weekend job or a licensed contractor line item. A Class A or Class B licence is required to remove more than 10 square metres of non-friable asbestos-containing material at a workplace, and any amount of friable material requires a Class A licence. It also covers the clearance certificate that must be issued by an independent competent person before the area is re-occupied, and links the searchable register of licensed removalists so you can check anyone you hire.
Change this for PerthThese thresholds bite at a workplace, which includes any job someone is paid to do on your block. A homeowner working unpaid on their own home is in a different legal position but still has disposal duties and the same lungs.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Asbestos removal (householder method)
HealthyWA, WA Department of Health
Why this oneThe WA health department's step-by-step method for small intact amounts, and the only page here that publishes the actual numbers you need on the day. P2 disposable respirator, Type 3 disposable coveralls, laceless boots, eye protection and nitrile gloves; mist with water or PVA solution first; hand tools only, never power tools; never a high-pressure hose; double-bag in polyethylene at least 0.2 mm thick and label it DANGER ASBESTOS WASTE. It also states plainly that all asbestos must go to a landfill licensed by DWER.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Asbestos safety basics
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe short page that defines friable versus non-friable in the regulator's own words — friable is easily crushed to powder, non-friable is bound in cement or resin and only releases fibres when the bonding agent is damaged. That distinction decides the licence class, the method and the price. It also confirms the only way to actually know is a sample tested by a NATA accredited laboratory, and that fees and turnaround vary between labs.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freegovernment5 minPerth / WA
Asbestos and asbestos cement disposal
Eastern Metropolitan Regional Council (Red Hill Waste Management Facility)
Why this oneThe receiving end of the job, written by a DWER-licensed facility that actually takes the material. Double wrapped in heavy duty plastic and sealed with tape, no more than three sheets per bundle if it is being unloaded by hand, labelled CAUTION ASBESTOS in letters not less than 50 mm high. Two details save you a wasted trip: council-issued tip passes are not valid for asbestos, and you must tell the weighbridge attendant you have asbestos before you drive in.
Change this for PerthRed Hill serves the eastern metropolitan councils. Other Perth facilities have their own rules and some require a booking or a waste acceptance certificate for asbestos-contaminated soil — ring before you load the trailer.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freegovernment5 minPerth / WA
Red Hill and Hazelmere fees and charges
Eastern Metropolitan Regional Council
Why this onePublished per-tonne gate fees, updated each financial year, and the single clearest argument for separating your waste at the source. For 2026/27 general waste is $236.00 per tonne while clean garden organics from a member council are $65.00 per tonne ($98.00 commercial), and wrapped asbestos is $126.00 per tonne for member council residents against $330.00 commercial. Price your demolition off this page rather than off a skip bin advertisement.
Change this for PerthMember council rates apply to residents of the EMRC member councils. If you are outside that catchment you pay the commercial rate, which changes the arithmetic — check the equivalent page for your own regional council.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freegovernment5 minPerth / WA
Tamala Park fees and charges
Mindarie Regional Council
Why this oneThe northern suburbs equivalent, and worth reading beside the Red Hill page because it proves the point that where you take a stream matters as much as how you sort it. For 2026/27 Tamala Park charges $291.50 per tonne for general waste and the same $291.50 per tonne for green waste, with asbestos at $450.00 per tonne and a minimum entry fee of $29.15 for up to 100 kg. Charging is weigh in, weigh out, cash or EFTPOS only.
Change this for PerthBecause green waste attracts no discount here, a northern suburbs job is usually better off sending clean garden organics to a commercial composter or mulcher and keeping the tip run for the streams that have nowhere else to go.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freegovernment25 minPerth / WA
Managing crystalline silica dust in the workplace
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe reason you never dry-cut a paver. It publishes the silica content of the materials you will be breaking up — concrete under 30 per cent, brick 5 to 15 per cent, granite 25 to 60 per cent, engineered stone up to 97 per cent — and sets out the control hierarchy in order: wet cutting and water sprays during earthworks first, then fixed or on-tool extraction, with respiratory protection as the last layer rather than the first. Silicosis is irreversible and there is no treatment.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freearticle20 minOverseas — adapt it
Bermudagrass (couch): UC IPM Pest Notes
University of California Statewide IPM Program
Why this oneThe best free technical explanation of why couch survives everything you do to it. It covers the two creeping shoot systems — aboveground stolons and belowground rhizomes — and states the mechanism most people learn the hard way: cultivation chops the stems into segments and some of those segments root and become new plants. It gives solarisation as 4 to 6 weeks under clear plastic extended well beyond the visible edge of the infestation, and warns to wait at least 7 days after a glyphosate application before mowing or cultivating.
Change this for PerthCalifornian, so invert the calendar. Its advice to spray in late summer when the plant is moving carbohydrate to the roots means roughly February to April in Perth, not August. Ignore the US product names and read the label of whatever you buy here; Perth soil temperatures also mean the solarisation window is realistically December to February.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freearticle20 minOverseas — adapt it
Kikuyugrass: UC IPM Pest Notes
University of California Statewide IPM Program
Why this oneThe equivalent page for the grass that causes more Perth renovation failures than any other plant. It describes the thick fleshy stems rooting at the nodes, running as stolons above ground and as rhizomes 25 to 100 mm below it, with every section capable of producing new shoots and roots. It is explicit that hoeing and cultivation are usually counterproductive because they break rhizomes and transplant them, especially if watering follows, and that three to four applications a year may be needed, timed to whenever you see new growth.
Change this for PerthNorthern hemisphere timing again. The biology and the number of repeat applications transfer exactly; the months do not. Kikuyu is a common and useful lawn grass in Perth, so treat this as a removal manual, not a verdict on the species.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Building approvals — demolition permits and fees
Building and Energy, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneWhere the BA5 application for a demolition permit lives, with the current fee schedule. Demolishing a building — as opposed to pulling up paving or a garden bed — is assessed by your local government, and the page lists $121.00 for a Class 1 or Class 10 structure plus the Building Services Levy of 0.137 per cent of the value of the work or $61.65, whichever is greater. Read it before you assume that old brick garage or fibro shed is just a skip bin.
Change this for PerthThe permit is issued by your local government, and whether a particular structure needs one is a question for their building surveyor. Confirm the current fee and the requirement with your council before you budget it.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- FreetoolAustralian
Before You Dig Australia
Before You Dig Australia
Why this oneFree, national, and the thing that stops a demolition day becoming a gas or fibre-optic incident. You register, mark your dig area on a map, and the relevant asset owners are notified and send plans to your inbox — one request instead of chasing Western Power, ATCO, Water Corporation and NBN separately. Lodge it before the machine arrives, not the morning it does, because plans take time to come back.
Change this for PerthBYDA returns asset owner plans up to the property boundary. Everything past the meter — the retic mainline, the pool pump feed, the unpermitted power run to the shed — is private and is not on any plan. That is your problem to locate.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Demolition, clearing and killing weeds properly
- Freegovernment60 minPerth / WA
Excavation: Code of practice
WorkSafe WA, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe regulator's own document on the one part of this lesson that can kill you, and it is specific rather than vague. It requires shoring or equivalent protection for any excavation 1.5 metres or more deep, caps the bottom vertical face of a bench at 1.2 metres, tells you to keep spoil at least 600 mm from the edge and preferably 2 metres, and to place it outside a 45-degree line drawn up from the bottom of the excavation. It also states plainly that mechanical equipment should never be used to locate a service and that hand digging must approach the service from the side.
Change this for PerthPublished 11 February 2014 and last updated 25 November 2024. It cites regulation numbers from the superseded Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996 (regulations 3.111 and 3.21); the current duties sit in the Work Health and Safety (General) Regulations 2022. The technical guidance is what WorkSafe still publishes and still expects, but do not quote the regulation numbers at anyone.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Safe work method statement for high risk construction work
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe page and its downloadable template are the fastest way to see what the WHS Regulations classify as high risk construction work. The template's tick-list includes 'work in or near a shaft or trench deeper than 1.5 m or a tunnel', 'work on or near pressurised gas mains or piping' and 'work on or near energised electrical installations or services' — three things a landscaping excavation routinely touches. If you engage anyone to do this work, a SWMS must exist before they start.
Change this for PerthThe SWMS duty binds a person conducting a business or undertaking, not a homeowner working on their own home. The list is still the best available checklist of what counts as genuinely dangerous work, and any contractor you hire owes you one.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freetool10 min to lodgeAustralian
Before You Dig Australia
Before You Dig Australia
Why this oneFree, national, and the single step that separates a normal excavation from a very bad day. Register an account, draw your dig site on a map, submit, and the asset owners send plans to your inbox. It covers work on private property, not just roads and verges. Lodge it before you hire the machine, not on the morning it arrives.
Change this for PerthBYDA returns plans from participating asset owners only. It will not show privately owned assets — the previous owner's shed power, an old bore line, an abandoned soakwell, unregistered poly. Those are your problem and they are found by hand digging and by your site analysis, not by BYDA.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Danger zones — working near our network
Western Power
Why this oneThe published minimum approach distances to underground cables, which is the number you need before a machine bucket goes anywhere near a verge or a meter box. Low voltage up to 1,000 V is 30 cm when using power tools or plant; high voltage from 1,000 V to 33 kV is 50 cm; anything above 33 kV is 3 metres and Western Power must assess any works inside that zone. Its companion excavation page directs you to Before You Dig Australia for the actual cable locations.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
When to apply for approval for works near our assets
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe page most Perth renovators have never read, and the one that turns a back-yard sewer into a legal constraint. Under section 90 of the Water Services Act 2012, ground-disturbing works — excavation, earthworks, heavy vehicle movement — need approval within 2 metres of a sewer gravity pipeline or main drain, 4 metres of a water supply pipeline under 300 mm, and 6 metres of a water main 300 mm or larger. Structures such as sheds, pools and buildings trigger a much wider 10-metre zone, and trees and pile driving trigger 10 metres.
Change this for PerthThe distances are measured from the asset, not from the manhole lid you can see, so you need the actual alignment from your BYDA plans first. Applications tied to a residential building are lodged through BuilderNet rather than the general form.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freestandard45 minPerth / WA
Specification 302 Earthworks
Main Roads Western Australia
Why this oneFree, current (revised 28 June 2024) and written specifically for Western Australian materials, which almost nothing else in this space is. It caps compacted layer thickness at 450 mm for sand and 300 mm for cohesive material, with a 100 mm minimum in both cases, and it publishes separate density targets for 'Perth Sands' — 95% for embankment construction and 96% for subgrade preparation. It also sets moisture at 70–110% of optimum for Perth sand against 90–110% for other materials, which is the numerical version of 'wet the sand and it will compact'.
Change this for PerthThis is a road specification written for smooth drum rollers and padfoot compactors. The layer thicknesses assume that plant. Behind a hand-guided plate compactor, halve them — 150 to 200 mm compacted lifts in sand is the realistic domestic equivalent.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freegovernment20 min for clause 5.3.7Perth / WA
Residential Design Codes Volume 1 (Version 3, 10 April 2026)
Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage
Why this oneClause 5.3.7 Site works is the clause that decides whether your cut and fill is something you can just do or something you must apply for. Between the street boundary and the street setback line, retaining walls, fill and excavation are deemed-to-comply at not more than 0.5 metres above or below natural ground level. Behind the street setback and within 1 metre of a lot boundary, excavation or filling must not be more than 0.5 metres above natural ground level at the boundary. Beyond that, Table 4 sets a setback equal to the height — a 1.5-metre level change wants a 1.5-metre setback.
Change this for PerthVersion 3 dated 10 April 2026 — check you are reading the current version before you rely on a number. Local planning schemes and local development plans can vary these provisions, and failing deemed-to-comply is not illegal, it just means a development application and an assessment against the design principles.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freearticle25 minOverseas — adapt it
Setting Out — Working Lines and Levels
Pavingexpert (AJ McCormack & Son)
Why this oneThe clearest free explanation anywhere of how to actually run a string line and transfer a level across a site: setting pins, the half-hitch knot that lets you slide a line up and down a pin, using a 1200 mm spirit level on a straight edge rather than a short one, sighting along a line with your eye at line level, and carrying levels around a curve with intermediate pins. It also works a gradient right through — 7 metres at 1:80 is about 88 mm of fall — which is the arithmetic most people get wrong.
Change this for PerthBritish site. It sets its datum off the damp proof course and drains everything to gullies; in Perth you are far more likely to be falling to a soakwell or to a garden bed. Confirm the clearance your own wall construction needs below the DPC and weep holes before you fix a finished level, and treat its drainage-to-gully assumptions as a Perth soakwell problem instead.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freearticle25 minOverseas — adapt it
Sub-bases
Pavingexpert (AJ McCormack & Son)
Why this oneThe layer rule stated plainly: 'Where a sub-base needs to be greater than 150mm in depth, it should be built-up as a series of layers, each being 150mm or less and thoroughly compacted before placing, levelling and compacting the next.' It also gives compacted thickness by duty — 75 mm for foot traffic, 100 mm for a domestic drive, 150 mm for cars and vans — which is the number you subtract when you calculate your dig depth.
Change this for PerthIt specifies DTp Type 1, a British graded aggregate that is not sold here. The Perth equivalent is compacted crushed limestone, which self-cements when laid damp and compacted in layers. Ignore any frost and freeze-thaw commentary entirely.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Paid · $167.11 AUD incl GST for a single-user PDFstandardAustralian
AS 3798-2007 Guidelines on earthworks for commercial and residential developments
Standards Australia
Why this oneThe Australian reference for how earthworks are specified, executed and tested on residential sites — site preparation, fill placement, compaction, subsoil drainage, retaining structures, slope stability and quality control, cross-referenced to the AS 1289 soil test methods. If a report, an engineer or a builder's specification on your job says 'compacted in accordance with AS 3798', this is the document they mean.
Change this for PerthWritten for developments large enough to employ a geotechnical testing regime, and priced accordingly. For a suburban garden the free Main Roads WA Specification 302 gives you the WA-specific layer thicknesses and Perth sand density targets without the cost — buy AS 3798 only if you are working to someone else's specification that names it, or check whether your local library offers Standards Australia reading-room access.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Working safely in hot conditions
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneEarthworks in a Perth summer is the highest-exertion, lowest-shade work in the whole build, usually done by someone unacclimatised. This gives the numbers: 250 ml of water every 15 to 20 minutes during hot work, 7 to 14 days to acclimatise and complete loss of acclimatisation after 4 weeks away from hot work. It separates heat exhaustion (body temperature to 39°C, clammy skin, nausea) from heat stroke (above 40°C, confusion, hot dry skin, convulsions), which is a medical emergency.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Earthworks: setting out, excavation, cut and fill, compaction
- Freetool15 min to lodge, then wait for plansAustralian
Before You Dig Australia
Before You Dig Australia (BYDA)
Why this oneThe single point of contact for asset plans from every utility with infrastructure near your block — power, gas, water, sewer, telecommunications. You register a free account, mark your dig site on a map, and the relevant asset owners email their plans to you directly. The portal is online 24/7 and the service costs nothing, which makes skipping it indefensible if you later hit something.
Change this for PerthBYDA returns plans from asset owners who are members. It does not cover private assets on your side of the meter — the retic mainline, the pool pump feed, the cable someone ran to the shed, an abandoned soakwell. Those you have to find yourself.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Machinery: bobcat, excavator, and hire versus hire-with-operator
- FreecourseAustralian
Book a free BYDA education session
Before You Dig Australia (BYDA)
Why this oneTwo free sessions, run online or face to face, and the booking form lists Western Australia as a delivery state. The first covers safe excavation practice and the consequences of damaging an asset; the second is Utility Plan Reading, which is the one that matters — a set of BYDA plans is close to useless if you cannot read the legend and the symbols. Free and specific beats a paid general safety course you will not finish.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Machinery: bobcat, excavator, and hire versus hire-with-operator
- Freegovernment20 minAustralian
Excavations and earthmoving plant in construction
SafeWork NSW
Why this oneThe clearest free regulator page on the two things that kill people on small excavation jobs: ground collapse and being hit by plant. It states the 1.5 m trench depth that makes excavation high risk construction work, names the four collapse controls (shielding, benching, battering, and monitored geotechnical advice), requires current essential services information for the work area and any adjacent area, and covers exclusion zones at trench edges and plant slewing into people.
Change this for PerthSafeWork NSW is the New South Wales regulator; in WA the regulator is WorkSafe WA. The wording comes from the national model work health and safety regulations, so confirm the exact WA reference with WorkSafe WA before relying on it for work you are paid to do. The physical controls it describes apply on any block, in any state.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Machinery: bobcat, excavator, and hire versus hire-with-operator
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Locating our assets
Water Corporation
Why this onePerth back yards are full of Water Corporation sewer, water and drainage assets, and this is the utility's own method for finding them before a machine does. It sends you to BYDA for free plans, then explains potholing — careful hand digging or soft-dig techniques such as vacuum excavation — including the instruction to pothole at 5 m intervals when excavating parallel to a pipeline, and to backfill with clean bedding material for the first 300 mm above an exposed asset. It also warns that electronic detection cannot find non-metallic pipe.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Machinery: bobcat, excavator, and hire versus hire-with-operator
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Working near our network
Western Power
Why this oneWestern Power owns the poles, wires and underground cable across most of Perth, and this is their own page for anyone working near it. The number worth remembering is on it: 30 or more accidental contacts with the network every month. Read it before you raise an excavator boom or a tipper tray anywhere near the overhead service running to your house or across your verge.
Change this for PerthThe page is an awareness hub and does not publish exclusion-zone distances in metres. Ring Western Power for the approach distance that applies to your situation — do not estimate it by eye from the ground.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Machinery: bobcat, excavator, and hire versus hire-with-operator
- Freesupplier20 minAustralian
Hire contract conditions
Kennards Hire
Why this oneRead one hire contract properly and you will never sign another one blind. This one states that the customer is responsible for loss or theft, pays the full cost of repairing damage they caused, and must hold adequate insurance to cover liabilities arising from use of the equipment. It also lists what voids the damage waiver — unlicensed operator, rolling the machine, collision with an overhead structure through insufficient clearance, overloading, use on unsealed or non-public roads — which is a fair summary of how DIY operators actually break machines.
Change this for PerthThese are one national hire company's terms, not law, and every depot's contract differs. Use it as the list of questions to ask, then read the actual contract you are being handed in Perth.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Machinery: bobcat, excavator, and hire versus hire-with-operator
- Freesupplier10 minAustralian
Rates and payment FAQs
Kennards Hire
Why this oneHow hire rates are actually structured, which is where DIY budgets go wrong. A day rate is 24 hours from the start of hire, not eight hours of work; a half day is four trading hours; a week is seven days, and extra days beyond that are charged at 20 per cent of the week rate. It also confirms the lowest applicable rate is applied automatically, and that on a credit card a hire under two weeks is taken in full as a deposit up front.
Change this for PerthRates themselves are set per depot and are not published on the page, so this gives you the structure, not the Perth price. Ring three Perth branches for the machine you actually want and compare the total, including delivery and pick-up.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Machinery: bobcat, excavator, and hire versus hire-with-operator
- Freearticle15 minAustralian
How to use an excavator
Kennards Hire
Why this oneA plain walk-through of the controls before you are sitting in the seat with the meter running: three points of contact getting in, seatbelt, safety lock lever, two travel sticks for the tracks, and which lever slews the cab. It confirms no special licence is required to hire and operate an excavator, sends you to the underground services service before digging, and makes the point that saves most beginners a day — excavators are diggers, not movers, so hire a dumper or mini loader if spoil has to travel.
Change this for PerthWritten by a hire company to sell hire. The technique is sound; the implied 'anyone can do this' framing is not a substitute for practising on something that does not matter.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Machinery: bobcat, excavator, and hire versus hire-with-operator
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Silica
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe WA regulator's page on respirable crystalline silica — the dust generated the moment a machine attachment or a demolition saw meets concrete, limestone, brick or pavers. It sets out the duty to manage exposure and confirms that the use, supply and manufacture of engineered stone slabs, panels and benchtops is now banned in Western Australia. Perth limestone is a silica source, not soft harmless rock.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Machinery: bobcat, excavator, and hire versus hire-with-operator
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
On Site Stormwater Drainage Criteria
City of Stirling
Why this oneThe clearest and most recent set of numbers any Perth council publishes, and the model for what to go and find for your own council. It gives the sizing formula (impervious area in square metres times 0.015 equals cubic metres of storage), a full soakwell capacity table from 900 x 600 mm up to 1800 x 1800 mm, the 1 metre edge-to-edge clearance from structures and boundaries, the requirement that downpipes discharge into grated inlets before entering an infiltration system, and the rule that anything under a driveway or carport must be trafficable with an approved base. It also lists the nine site conditions that force a full drainage management plan.
Change this for PerthThis binds you only if you are in the City of Stirling. Councils differ materially — Cockburn uses a different design storm and a different formula. Use this to learn the shape of the rules, then download your own council's version.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Installing drainage and soakwells
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
On Site Drainage Requirements (Residential Lots)
City of Cockburn
Why this oneWorth reading beside the Stirling document precisely because it disagrees with it. Cockburn sizes storage for a 1 in 20 year, 5 minute storm using V = A divided by 80, and publishes a table of how much roof area each soakwell size serves — 108.56 square metres for a 1200 x 1200 mm well, for instance. It also states the legal basis plainly: property owners have an obligation under common law and section 3.25(1) of the Local Government Act 1995 to confine stormwater within their boundaries.
Change this for PerthThe version accessible in August 2026 carries a version date of 8 November 2019 and describes itself as a guide only. Confirm the current figures with Cockburn before you rely on them.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Installing drainage and soakwells
- Freestandard20 minAustralian
ABCB Housing Provisions 2025, Part 3.3 Drainage
Australian Building Codes Board
Why this oneThe national deemed-to-satisfy figures, free to read online, and the ones a building surveyor will quote back at you. Clause 3.3.3 sets the ground fall away from a building at 50 mm over the first metre (25 mm in low rainfall areas with impermeable surfaces), 3.3.4 sets subsoil drains at a uniform fall of not less than 1:300, and 3.3.5 sets minimum cover over a 90 mm UPVC stormwater drain at 100 mm under soil, 50 mm under paving or concrete, and 75 to 100 mm under light vehicle traffic depending on the surface.
Change this for PerthNCC 2025 was published on 1 May 2026 and Western Australia adopted it from 1 May 2026 with a 12 month transition period, so NCC 2022 may still apply to work approved before the changeover. The Part 3.3 drainage figures quoted here are identical in both editions.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Installing drainage and soakwells
- Freegovernment45 min for the relevant sectionsPerth / WA
Excavation: Code of Practice
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe WA regulator's own document on the part of this job that can kill you. It states that workers must not be required to work in an excavation 1.5 metres or more deep that is not protected by shoring, sets out battering, benching, shoring and trench shields, and devotes a full section to locating underground services — including the instruction that all digging to locate a service be done by hand approaching from the side, and that mechanical excavating equipment should never be used to locate services. It specifically names drainage pipes and soakwells as buried hazards to establish before you start, which is exactly your problem on a renovation.
Change this for PerthA transitional code of practice carried across to the Work Health and Safety Act 2020, so some regulation numbers refer to the old framework. Its duties bind a person conducting a business or undertaking; a homeowner digging on their own block is not automatically caught by them, but sand collapses on homeowners exactly as readily.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Installing drainage and soakwells
- Freetool10 min to lodgeAustralian
Before You Dig Australia
Before You Dig Australia
Why this oneThe single free referral service that returns asset plans from the utilities for your dig site. Register, mark out your site, and the plans arrive by email. It is free, it takes minutes, and it is the first line in every excavation risk assessment in the country.
Change this for PerthBYDA covers member utilities in public areas. It does not map privately owned services inside your boundary — the old power run to the shed, the previous owner's poly, or an abandoned soakwell. Those you find by hand.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Installing drainage and soakwells
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Locating our assets
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe state utility's own statement of how much a plan is worth, which is: not enough. It says BYDA plans give approximate locations only, that potholing by careful hand digging or vacuum excavation is the only way of determining pipeline location with certainty, that potholed assets must be surveyed to MGA94 and AHD, and that an endorsed Asset Protection Risk Assessment is needed before work in most situations near their assets. Read it before you put a soakwell hole anywhere near the sewer running through your back yard.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Installing drainage and soakwells
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Managing crystalline silica dust in the workplace
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneCutting a concrete soakwell lid, a limestone block or a paver dry with an angle grinder is one of the highest silica exposures available to a domestic job, and this is the regulator's control hierarchy for it: wet cutting or wet polishing, fixed or on-tool local exhaust ventilation, shadow vacuuming while drilling, and respiratory protection where the other controls do not get there. The related duties page gives the workplace exposure standard as 0.05 mg per cubic metre averaged over eight hours.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Installing drainage and soakwells
- Freetool5 min for your addressPerth / WA
Perth Groundwater Map
Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneA soakwell whose base sits below the winter watertable is a holding tank, not a soakwell, and this free official map is how you find out before you dig rather than in July. Type in your address and it estimates depth to groundwater. The City of Stirling's own drainage criteria cites this same DWER map, and treats historical maximum groundwater within 1.2 metres of the surface as a trigger for a full drainage management plan.
Change this for PerthA JavaScript map application, so it needs a current browser and will not open usefully on a phone in the field. It gives a modelled estimate, not a measurement of your block.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Installing drainage and soakwells
- Freesupplier10 minAustralian
bidim non-woven geotextile
Geofabrics Australasia
Why this onebidim is the product name Perth suppliers actually recognise when you ask for geotextile, and this manufacturer page separates the four jobs the fabric can do — drainage, filtration, separation and protection — which is the distinction that decides where you use it and where you must not. Filtration is the one that matters here: letting water through while preventing the migration of fine particles into your aggregate.
Change this for PerthA manufacturer's page, so treat it as a product reference rather than design guidance. It does not list grades or roll sizes — those are in the technical data sheet it links to, and you should ask the supplier which grade suits fine Perth sand rather than guessing.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Installing drainage and soakwells
- Freegovernment10 min for Schedule 4Perth / WA
Building Regulations 2012 (WA) — Schedule 4, building work that does not require a building permit
Parliamentary Counsel's Office, Government of Western Australia
Why this oneThe primary source for the number everybody quotes and almost nobody reads. Download the current consolidated version and go to Schedule 4 item 6, which exempts a retaining wall only if it retains ground no more than 0.5 m in height, is not associated with other building work or with the protection of adjoining land, and is not work to which sections 76, 77, 78 or 79 of the Building Act 2011 relate. Those three conditions are cumulative, which is why so many sub-500 mm walls still need a permit.
Change this for PerthThe version current when this was checked started on 23 July 2026, suffix 04-ae0-01. Always download the version marked Current rather than a cached PDF, and read the exemption alongside your local government's planning rules, which are separate and often tighter.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Retaining walls and site works
City of Joondalup
Why this oneThe clearest local-government explanation in Perth of the two separate approvals — development (planning) approval and a building permit — and how they interact. It publishes the setback table most people never see, where the minimum setback to a property boundary equals the retained height (0.5 m retained needs 0 m, 1 m needs 1 m, 3 m needs 3 m), states that the party who altered the natural ground level is the party responsible for the wall, confirms a dividing fence does not qualify to retain soil, and sets out the dispute process including a contour and feature survey.
Change this for PerthThis is one council's policy. The 0.5 m building permit trigger comes from state regulation and is the same everywhere in WA, but the setback table, street-setback heights and screening rules are Joondalup's own. Get your own council's equivalent page in writing before you design.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freegovernment1 h for the relevant sectionsPerth / WA
Excavation: code of practice
WorkSafe WA, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe only excavation safety document written for WA ground, and it names our soils directly. It gives safe batter slopes by soil type — 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical for poorly graded sands such as Bassendean sand, 1 to 1 for the angular well-graded Karrakatta and Spearwood sands — plus the rule that nobody works in an excavation 1.5 m or more deep unless it is shored or cut back, the requirement for a second person in the immediate vicinity at that depth, and the 600 mm minimum clearance for spoil from the edge (two metres where possible).
Change this for PerthPublished 2014 and last updated November 2024, so it still cites the old Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996 numbering (regulations 3.111, 3.112) rather than the Work Health and Safety (General) Regulations 2022 that now apply. The regulation numbers have moved; the engineering advice and the soil-specific batter slopes have not.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Managing crystalline silica dust in the workplace
WorkSafe WA, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneRead this before you put a blade into a block. It names the exact tasks that generate respirable crystalline silica — angle grinding, jack hammering and chiselling of concrete or masonry, brick, concrete or stone cutting, and dry concrete cutting — gives the silica content of the materials (concrete less than 30 per cent, engineered stone up to 97 per cent), and sets the control hierarchy: wet cutting first, on-tool extraction second, respiratory protection only as a supplement.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freestandard2 h+Australian
Retaining structures technical manuals (RW01, RW02, RW03, TP14)
Concrete Masonry Association of Australia
Why this oneThe Australian industry body's own design manuals, written to AS 4678 and free once you create an account. RW03 covers gravity retaining walls, which is what a limestone block wall actually is; RW01 covers reinforced cantilever walls, which is what a core-filled block wall on a designed footing is; RW02 covers reinforced soil walls. If you want to understand what your engineer is doing rather than just paying for it, these are the documents to read.
Change this for PerthRegistration is required to download — the manuals themselves cost nothing. These are engineering design documents aimed at architects, engineers and builders, not step-by-step installation guides, and they assume you have already decided the wall needs designing.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freearticle30 minOverseas — adapt it
Guide to Segmental Retaining Walls (SRW-TEC-005)
Concrete Masonry and Hardscapes Association
Why this oneThe best free document on the construction numbers nobody publishes: a levelling pad at least 150 mm thick extending about 150 mm past the toe and heel of the bottom unit, drainage gravel a minimum of 300 mm deep behind the units, a geotextile filter between the gravel and the soil backfill, and backfill compacted in lifts of 200 mm or less. Its most useful single rule is that within about 900 mm of the wall face you use only hand-operated or walk-behind compaction equipment — heavy plant that close pushes the wall out.
Change this for PerthNorth American document in imperial units. Ignore the freeze-thaw and frost-depth material entirely. Substitute compacted crushed limestone for the crushed-stone levelling pad, since that is the Perth standard and it self-cements when laid damp and compacted in layers. Its drainage advice is if anything conservative for Perth sand — but the sand is exactly why the geotextile separation matters more here, not less.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Paid · $342.21 hard copy, web reader licences from $308.30 (checked 2 August 2026)standardAustralian
AS 4678-2002 Earth-retaining structures
Standards Australia
Why this oneThe standard your engineer will design to, and the one referenced by the National Construction Code for earth-retaining structures. It is 117 pages, currently listed as Pending Revision, and it is genuinely written for engineers rather than builders. Buy it only if you intend to check a design; otherwise the free CMAA manuals above summarise what it requires for the wall types you are likely to build.
Change this for PerthAS 4678 applies to earth-retaining structures between 800 mm and 15 m in height, so it does not cover the sub-800 mm walls that make up most suburban landscaping. Below that height you are relying on the manufacturer's system limits and good practice, not a standard.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freetool10 min to lodgeAustralian
Before You Dig Australia
Before You Dig Australia
Why this oneOne free enquiry returns plans from every participating utility for your work site instead of you contacting each one separately. A retaining wall footing is a continuous trench, often along a boundary, which is precisely where power, gas, water, comms and old irrigation mains run. Lodge it before you book machinery, not the morning you dig, because plans are indicative and you still have to pothole by hand to prove location.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Building on a residential property (working near Water Corporation assets)
Water Corporation
Why this oneWater Corporation names retaining walls explicitly alongside houses, sheds, garages, carports and pools as structures that must clear its sewers, and explains the two clearance regimes: structures without piles cannot come as close, while structures founded on piles or footings taken below the zone of influence may be allowed closer. If a sewer or an easement crosses your block, this determines where the wall can go before any design work starts.
Change this for PerthThe page points to the Residential Guidelines for Designers for the actual clearance dimensions rather than publishing them inline, so you will need to lodge an enquiry or read that document for the numbers that apply to your pipe and depth.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Owner-builder approval
Department of Local Government, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe page that resolves the licensing question for retaining walls, and the answer surprises people. It confirms that a registered building contractor or owner-builder approval may be needed where a building permit is required and the work exceeds $20,000, but also states that 'incidental structures' — naming swimming pools, retaining walls, fencing and patios — are exempt from the need for occupational licensing. It also warns that work which is substantially one job must not be split into sub-$20,000 projects to dodge licensing.
Change this for PerthExempt from licensing is not exempt from a building permit. A wall retaining more than 0.5 m still needs a permit, still needs to satisfy the permit authority, and the owner still carries the liability if it moves.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freesupplier5 minPerth / WA
Limestone blocks Perth — sizes and weights
Meteor Stone
Why this oneA published size and weight table for the reconstituted limestone blocks actually sold in Perth, which is the information you need to plan lifting and courses. The common 500 x 350 x 200 mm block is 63 kg, a 500 x 350 x 350 mm block is 115 kg, and a 1000 x 350 x 350 mm block is 225 kg. Those numbers decide whether the wall is a two-person job, a machine job, or a job you should not be doing.
Change this for PerthThis is a Perth stone supplier's own product page and it exists to sell blocks. The dimensions and weights are the useful part and match what the trade uses; price-check against other WA block yards, and note the page publishes nothing about footings, drainage or maximum heights.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Building retaining walls: limestone, block and sleeper
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Residential Crossovers — Standard Drawing and Specifications
City of Canning
Why this oneThe most numerically complete free base specification published by a Perth council, and the only one that gives you a field test for sand. It requires the base of the excavation to reach eight blows per 300 mm on the standard Perth Sand Penetrometer, states that this corresponds to 95% maximum dry density, and specifies 100 mm of compacted crushed limestone or road base trimmed to conform with finished surface levels. It then pins the bedding layer at 20 to 40 mm pre-compacted for a final compacted 25 mm plus or minus 10 mm, in well-graded concreting sand, and calls for at least three passes of a vibrating plate over 12 mm plywood.
Change this for PerthThis is the City of Canning's specification for work in the road reserve, last updated November 2020, and it binds you only within that City and only for a crossover. Every Perth council publishes its own version with slightly different numbers. Use it as the benchmark for private paving on your own block, but read your own council's document before you touch the verge.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Base preparation for hard surfaces
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Crossover — Brick Paved Residential (information sheet)
City of Wanneroo
Why this oneThe clearest published statement of what bedding sand actually is on the Swan Coastal Plain, and it rules out the two things Perth people reach for by default: "The bedding material needs to be a well-graded sand passing a 5mm sieve. Bricklayers sand and single sized dune sands are not suitable." It also sets a minimum 100 mm crushed limestone or rock base sub-base, a 20 to 40 mm pre-compacted sand bed, 60 mm minimum pavers, and edge restraints 250 mm wide by at least 80 mm deep, and explains why the restraint matters — lateral movement of the bricks causes pavement failure.
Change this for PerthStated on the sheet as correct as of July 2025. It is written for crossovers in the City of Wanneroo road reserve, where a street and verge bond permit also applies. The material and bedding requirements transfer directly to private paving; the approval, bond and subsidy provisions do not.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Base preparation for hard surfaces
- Freegovernment25 minPerth / WA
Footpath and Crossover Specification and Guidelines (V3.0, May 2024)
Town of East Fremantle
Why this oneUseful for two figures the other councils do not give. It requires the base course to be an approved crushed rock or crushed limestone, free of all organic material, spread evenly to a minimum 150 mm and "rolled, and water bound to a tight compacted surface" reaching a minimum compaction level of 95% of its maximum density. It also states plainly that all excavations shall be free of depressions, soft or loose material and foreign materials, which is the sub-grade rule most home jobs skip.
Change this for PerthThe 150 mm figure is the base under an asphalt crossover in an older, established Town, not a universal Perth number. It also confirms that approval must be obtained before crossover construction begins — a rule that applies everywhere in Perth, in every council, with the fee and process varying.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Base preparation for hard surfaces
- Freestandard45 minPerth / WA
Specification 501 Pavements
Main Roads Western Australia
Why this oneThe document that defines what "crushed limestone" legally means in this state, which matters because the words on a delivery docket are not a specification. Issued 10 May 2023, it sets the grading envelope for crushed limestone sub-base (100% passing 75 mm, 55–85% passing 19 mm, 35–65% passing 2.36 mm), a minimum 60% calcium carbonate content, and a minimum soaked CBR of 50%. It also caps working layers at not more than 250 mm and not less than 100 mm compacted thickness, and sets sub-base density at 94–96% characteristic dry density ratio.
Change this for PerthA highway specification, written for graders, water carts and smooth drum rollers. The material definitions and the layer rules are exactly right for a garden; the density testing regime and the hold points are not. Behind a hand-guided plate compactor, work in much thinner lifts than 250 mm — see the earthworks lesson.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Base preparation for hard surfaces
- Freestandard40 minAustralian
MITS 07 Segmental Paving (Municipal Infrastructure Technical Specification)
Transport Canberra and City Services, ACT Government
Why this oneThe best free Australian specification for the bedding layer, and it contains the single sentence this lesson exists to teach: "Do not use sand bedding material as a levelling material to compensate for base finishing outside the tolerance for bedding sand thickness... If the bedding sand thickness shall exceed the specified tolerance then rework and recompact the base layer." It publishes full sieve gradings for bedding sand and joint filling sand tested to AS 1141.11.1, sets bedding moisture at 4–8%, requires 25 mm plus or minus 5 mm after compaction, and caps lippage between adjacent pavers at 2 mm.
Change this for PerthAn ACT government specification, so the referenced companion documents (MITS 02, MITS 04) are Canberra's. It also declares crusher dust and dolomite unsuitable as bedding material — worth knowing in Perth, where limestone cracker dust is sold cheaply and frequently used as a bedding layer despite the fines washing out and the surface setting hard.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Base preparation for hard surfaces
- Freearticle35 minOverseas — adapt it
Construction of Interlocking Concrete Pavements (PAV-TEC-002-22)
Concrete Masonry and Hardscapes Association
Why this oneThe best free technical bulletin on the whole sequence — soil sub-grade, drainage, base aggregate, compaction, edge restraint, bedding, laying — and it gives loading-based thicknesses in one place: minimum 100 mm base for footpaths and patios on well-drained soils, minimum 150 mm for residential driveways, and 200 to 250 mm for residential streets. It sets sub-grade compaction at a minimum 98% standard Proctor, with modified Proctor preferred where vehicles run, and bedding sand screeded to an uncompacted nominal 25 mm.
Change this for PerthNorth American. Ignore every reference to freeze-thaw, frost depth and drainage layers designed for saturated clay sub-grades — a Perth sand sub-grade drains faster than the base above it. Substitute compacted crushed limestone for the crushed aggregate base it describes, and read its Proctor percentages as the equivalent of the 95% maximum dry density your council asks for.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Base preparation for hard surfaces
- Freearticle20 minOverseas — adapt it
Screeding a bedding layer
Pavingexpert (AJ McCormack & Son)
Why this oneThe only free page that explains screeding as a technique rather than a step, and it is honest about the method most amateurs choose. It compares pre-compacted screeding (spread 30 to 50 mm proud, one or two plate passes, then screed to level) against uncompacted screeding, which it calls "a bloody nightmare" that "rarely, if ever, gives a good finish", and it gives the consolidation figure you need to plan a depth — loose bedding drops 25 to 40% under compaction. Its core warning is the same as the Australian specifications: screeding "cannot compensate for deviations in the level of the base or sub-base".
Change this for PerthBritish site, working to BS 7533 rather than Australian practice, and its 25 to 40 mm finished bedding range is slightly deeper than the 25 mm plus or minus 5 to 10 mm that Perth councils specify. Use the technique and the screed-rail method; use the Australian depth.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Base preparation for hard surfaces
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Silica
WorkSafe, Department of Local Government, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneBase preparation ends in cutting — closure pavers, edge restraints, limestone blocks — and the WA regulator's page is the one that names the hazard and the number. The workplace exposure standard for respirable crystalline silica is 0.05 mg/m3, high risk processing includes cutting, grinding, trimming and drilling, and since 1 September 2024 additional duties under the Work Health and Safety (General) Regulations 2022 apply to processing any material containing at least 1% crystalline silica. Last updated 27 July 2026.
Change this for PerthThese duties bind a person conducting a business or undertaking, not a homeowner cutting their own pavers on their own block. The dust does not know the difference. Water suppression or on-tool extraction plus a properly fitted P2 respirator is the minimum either way.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Base preparation for hard surfaces
- Freesupplier5 minPerth / WA
Crushed limestone — Perth delivery
Little Loads (High Wycombe, WA)
Why this oneA practical reference for what ordering base material actually looks like in Perth: quarried locally around Yanchep, Neerabup and Moore River, delivered in loads capped at 5 cubic metres per truck, with an online volume calculator. Its published guidance matches the councils — 50 to 75 mm compacted for pathways, 75 to 100 mm compacted as a base under paving, 75 to 150 mm for driveways — and it states the layer rule plainly: always compact in layers no thicker than about 75 mm.
Change this for PerthThis is a supplier's own product page, not an independent source, and it is here because it publishes real Perth ordering constraints rather than because the advice is authoritative. The page shows a price but does not state the unit it applies to, so ring for a delivered price per cubic metre or per tonne before you budget, and price-check at least two Perth soil yards or quarry suppliers.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Base preparation for hard surfaces
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Frequently asked questions on silica
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe regulator's plain-language answers, and the page that names your job specifically — cutting and laying pavers and surfacing is listed as work that generates respirable crystalline silica, alongside brick, concrete and stone cutting. It defines processing as using power tools or mechanical plant to crush, cut, grind, trim, sand, abrasive polish or drill a crystalline silica substance, states that processing is treated as high risk because it is likely to result in a risk to health, and spells out the respirator rules including fit testing and being clean shaven. Read this one before you hire a saw.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Paving: laying, cutting, edge restraint and jointing
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Managing crystalline silica dust in the workplace
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe control hierarchy in the order you are meant to apply it: eliminate or substitute, then wet cutting and water suppression, then local exhaust ventilation either fixed or on-tool, then a respirator selected in accordance with AS/NZS 1715. It is also the page that makes the housekeeping rules explicit — vacuum rather than sweep, and never blow dust around with compressed air. Those two habits are where most home paving jobs quietly fail.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Paving: laying, cutting, edge restraint and jointing
- Freegovernment60 minPerth / WA
Working with crystalline silica substances: Guide
WorkSafe WA, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe full 2024 guide, published 21 November 2024, explaining the additional work health and safety requirements that apply from 1 September 2024 to anyone processing a crystalline silica substance. This is the document a contractor should be working from, so it is also the one to skim if you want to know what you are entitled to expect from someone you are paying to cut pavers on your block.
Change this for PerthIt is written for a PCBU — a person conducting a business or undertaking. A homeowner cutting their own pavers on their own home is not bound by these duties, but the exposure and the disease are identical.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Paving: laying, cutting, edge restraint and jointing
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
WHS duties for businesses who work with crystalline silica substances
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneUse this to judge a contractor. It lists the accredited silica training a business should hold (10830NAT Course in Crystalline Silica Exposure Prevention, or units CPCSIL3001 or CPCSIL4001), the requirement to air monitor high risk processing and report results above 0.05 mg/m3 to WorkSafe, and the health monitoring obligation covering respiratory questionnaires, lung function tests and chest imaging. Records must be kept for 30 years. A paving contractor who has never heard of any of it is telling you something.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Paving: laying, cutting, edge restraint and jointing
- Freearticle15 minPerth / WA
How to lay pavers: an expert guide
Midland Brick
Why this oneA WA manufacturer's own method, with the numbers the trade actually uses here: minimum 100 mm of compacted road base or crushed limestone, roughly 30 mm of screeded bedding sand, 2 to 3 mm joints using the spacer nibs on the paver, control joints of 10 to 15 mm at no more than 6 m spacing on large areas, and compaction with a plate compactor fitted with a carpet pad followed by more sand and a second pass. It is short, sequenced and free.
Change this for PerthThis is a paver manufacturer's marketing page and it recommends its own jointing products. The sequence and the dimensions match Perth trade practice; treat the brand names as advertising.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Paving: laying, cutting, edge restraint and jointing
- Freearticle10 minPerth / WA
Hints and tips for cutting bricks and pavers (info sheet)
Midland Brick
Why this oneTwo pages that cover the practical craft and the hazard together. It states that the recommended method for accurate cutting is a wet process — a saw fitted with water lubrication and a dust suppressor — that pavers should be fully soaked before cutting so the slurry does not stain the surface, that slurry must be washed off before laying and never allowed to fall on laid pavers, and that cuts smaller than about a third of a whole paver should be avoided. It then names silica dust directly, requires respiratory protection to AS/NZS 1716 selected under AS/NZS 1715, and requires an approved dust extraction or vacuum unit if you dry cut.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Paving: laying, cutting, edge restraint and jointing
- Freearticle45 minOverseas — adapt it
Construction of Interlocking Concrete Pavements (PAV-TEC-002-22)
Concrete Masonry and Hardscapes Association
Why this oneThe best free technical document on the laying stage itself: bedding sand placement and screeding, laying patterns and why herringbone is recommended where there is vehicular traffic, joint spacing, the compaction sequence with a vibrating plate, and the surface tolerance and joint line checks a professional uses to decide whether the work is acceptable. It is the industry reference the trade is quietly following whether it knows it or not.
Change this for PerthNorth American document in imperial units. Ignore the freeze-thaw and ASTM C936 durability material entirely. Convert its base thicknesses to metric (100 mm minimum for pedestrian areas, more under vehicles) and read crushed aggregate base as compacted crushed limestone, which is the Perth standard. Its 1/16 to 3/16 inch joint recommendation is 1.5 to 5 mm, which brackets the 2 to 3 mm used here.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Paving: laying, cutting, edge restraint and jointing
- Freearticle30 minOverseas — adapt it
Edge Restraints for Interlocking Concrete Pavements (PAV-TEC-003-22)
Concrete Masonry and Hardscapes Association
Why this oneThe one document devoted entirely to the thing most home paving jobs get wrong. It covers why edge restraint is essential to interlock, how far the compacted base must extend beyond the paved edge so the restraint bears on base rather than loose material, the trade-offs between poured-in-place concrete and manufactured plastic, aluminium, steel and precast restraints, spike sizing and spacing, and how to handle curves, drainage channels and utility covers at the perimeter.
Change this for PerthNorth American. The freeze-thaw driven detailing does not apply, but the mechanics do, and they matter more here than there — a Perth sand subgrade offers almost no lateral resistance, so an unrestrained edge creeps faster than the document assumes.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Paving: laying, cutting, edge restraint and jointing
- Freebook2 hAustralian
Concrete Basics: A Guide to Concrete Practice
Cement Concrete & Aggregates Australia (CCAA)
Why this oneFifty-six pages, eighteen chapters, and the single best free Australian reference on doing this properly. It covers ordering (Normal Class N20 to N50, slump 20–120 mm, order 10% extra in 0.2 cubic metre increments), placing, compacting, finishing, curing, joints, formwork, reinforcement cover, decorative finishes and the named defects. Chapter 11 gives the joint rule most home pours get wrong: control joints in an unreinforced slab spaced at 20 to 25 times the slab thickness, tooled to a quarter or a third of the depth.
Change this for PerthSeventh edition, February 2010, so check any Australian Standard it references against the current version. CCAA's own server blocks automated access, so this is the identical document hosted by a concrete contractor; the CCAA branding, ABN and office list are intact in the file.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Concrete: formwork, reinforcement, pouring and finishes
- Freearticle20 minAustralian
Hot-Weather Concreting (CCAA datasheet, 2017)
Cement Concrete & Aggregates Australia (CCAA)
Why this oneThe document that explains why Perth slabs crack. It gives the AS 1379 limit of 35 degrees on concrete temperature at delivery, the recommendation to take precautions once air temperature passes 30 degrees, and the evaporation-rate test that actually matters: above 1 kg of water per square metre per hour, plastic shrinkage cracking becomes likely. It then works through cooling the mix, evaporative retarders, and why an aliphatic alcohol is not a curing compound.
Change this for PerthWritten for the whole country, and Perth sits at the severe end of every variable it lists — hot, dry, and windy in the afternoon. Treat its 'precautions' column as your default from about October to April, not as an exception.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Concrete: formwork, reinforcement, pouring and finishes
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Technical Specifications for Residential Concrete Crossovers
City of Stirling
Why this oneA real WA council specification with real numbers, which is far more useful than a generic how-to. Finished thickness 100 mm, minimum 25 MPa at 28 days, 20 mm maximum aggregate, slump 75 mm at the point of delivery, subgrade compacted to seven blows per 300 mm on a Perth penetrometer, pour only between 10 and 36 degrees ambient, cure at least three days with a liquid membrane compound, contraction joints no more than 1.8 m apart. It also sets a 100 mm minimum for liquid limestone and exposed aggregate crossovers.
Change this for PerthThis is the City of Stirling's spec and it binds work in the Stirling verge. Other Perth councils differ in detail — check yours before you build in the road reserve. Away from the verge it is not law, but it is a defensible standard to build your own driveway to.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Concrete: formwork, reinforcement, pouring and finishes
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Hazard identification tool: Concrete placement
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe regulator's own trade-specific hazard list, developed with WorkSafe inspectors and the Construction Industry Safety Advisory Committee. It names the things that actually injure concreters — contact with wet concrete, slips on wet surfaces, manual handling, vibrators and screeds, electric shock, heat illness, and reo-bar impalement — and is short enough to use as a pre-pour walk-around rather than a document you file.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Concrete: formwork, reinforcement, pouring and finishes
- Freestandard45 minPerth / WA
Concrete and masonry cutting and drilling: Code of practice
Commission for Occupational Safety and Health / WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe WA code covering every workplace in the state where concrete and masonry cutting or drilling equipment is used — which is exactly what saw-cutting control joints, trimming a slab edge or honing a surface is. Read it before you hire a demo saw or a grinder, because the dust control, water supply, guarding and electrical requirements it sets are the difference between a job and a lung disease.
Change this for PerthRevised in 2019 under the old Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984, which has since been replaced by the Work Health and Safety Act 2020 and the WHS (General) Regulations 2022. The techniques and controls still stand; for the current legal duties on silica, read it alongside WorkSafe's crystalline silica pages.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Concrete: formwork, reinforcement, pouring and finishes
- Freearticle10 minAustralian
Safety Data Sheet: Wet Mix Concrete (CASDS24)
Cement Australia
Why this oneSeven pages that tell you plainly what wet concrete does to skin, which almost no how-to video mentions. Signal word Danger, 'causes severe skin burns and eye damage', alkaline at pH 11 or above, and the detail that matters most: first, second or third degree burns may appear 12 to 48 hours after a one to six hour exposure, with no obvious pain at the time. It also gives the first aid, the 15-minute eye flush, and the instruction never to kneel in wet product.
Change this for PerthWritten for a bagged product, but the cement chemistry and the hazard are identical in a premix truck load. Your supplier will have its own SDS for the exact mix — ask for it when you order.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Concrete: formwork, reinforcement, pouring and finishes
- Freearticle8 minPerth / WA
Liquid limestone: what it is and how it is installed
Limecrete
Why this oneLiquid limestone is close to a Western Australian invention and there is no government or standards document that describes it, so an installer's page is the honest best available. This one is unusually candid about the constraints rather than the marketing: crushed limestone blended with cement, laid over compacted ground on galvanised mesh, control joints still cut through the slab, sealed at installation and re-sealed every two to three years, and — importantly — it is not MPa rated, so it is not a structural slab.
Change this for PerthThis is a Perth installer's own sales page and it is selling you liquid limestone. Treat the technical description as reliable and the enthusiasm as advertising. Cross-check the build spec against the City of Stirling crossover specification above, which sets a 100 mm minimum thickness and requires manufacturer's specifications for vehicular traffic.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Concrete: formwork, reinforcement, pouring and finishes
- Freecalculator5 minAustralian
Concrete, render and mortar calculators
Cement Australia
Why this oneFour small calculators — slabs and paths, bricks and blocks, posts and uprights, paving gaps — that turn dimensions into a quantity without you doing arithmetic at 6am on pour day. Use the slabs and paths one to sanity-check the cubic metres before you ring the batching plant, then add your allowance on top.
Change this for PerthBuilt around Cement Australia's bagged products, so the bag counts are only relevant if you are hand-mixing. The volume figure is the part you want for a premix order.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Concrete: formwork, reinforcement, pouring and finishes
- Freearticle1 hAustralian
Technical Design Guide 21: Domestic Timber Deck Design
WoodSolutions / Forest and Wood Products Australia
Why this oneThe single best free document on Australian deck construction, and the one this lesson leans on hardest. Twenty-eight pages covering footings and stirrups, the AS 1684 span tables to use for decks above and below 1000 mm, maximum joist spacing by board type, board gaps at installation, connector durability, natural durability classes versus H-treatment hazard levels, the 25 mm and 40 mm separations AS 3660.1 wants where a deck meets a house, and an appendix of common decking species with their durability and termite ratings. It ends with a list of the ten most common deck defects, which is effectively a pre-build checklist.
Change this for PerthRevised October 2020, so its deck-to-wall attachment section describes the older 190 x 45 mm waling plate rule rather than the current NCC Part 12.3 detail — use the NCC for that. Its species appendix also still marks jarrah as termite resistant, which is true horticulturally but is no longer the position under AS 3660.1:2014 for compliance purposes. Skip the bushfire notes on NSW and South Australia; WA has its own BAL process.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Decking: substructure, footings, timber choice and termites
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Industry Bulletin 83: New termite management standards
Building Commission, Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThree pages that decide how you build the house end of your deck in Perth. It states plainly that for the deemed-to-satisfy provisions of the Building Code, the whole of Western Australia is treated as an area where subterranean termites present a potential risk. It lists the materials that are not considered susceptible, records that jarrah was removed from the list of naturally termite-resistant timbers in the 2014 edition of AS 3660.1, and explains the reticulation rule that catches almost every Perth deck built hard against a slab.
Change this for PerthIssued April 2017 to announce the move from the 2000 to the 2014 edition of AS 3660.1, so the transition dates in it are historical. The substance — WA as a termite risk area, the jarrah delisting, and the reticulation requirement for concealed perimeter soil — is still the current position and is repeated in NCC Part 3.4.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Decking: substructure, footings, timber choice and termites
- Freestandard20 minAustralian
NCC 2025 Housing Provisions Part 12.3: Attachment of framed decks and balconies to external walls using a waling plate
Australian Building Codes Board
Why this oneIf you attach the deck to the house, this is the clause your building surveyor will check, and it is free to read online. It gives the waling plate size and stress grade for masonry and for timber-framed walls, the fixing type and centres, the minimum 44 mm embedment into the joist or bearer, the flashing that must extend at least 150 mm beyond each side of the plate, and the strap bracing required once the deck is more than 1 m off the ground. Miss any of it and you have built the single most common cause of deck collapse.
Change this for PerthWestern Australia adopted NCC 2025 on 1 May 2026 with a 12-month transition, so until 30 April 2027 a permit may be assessed against either NCC 2022 or NCC 2025. Part 12.3 reads the same in both editions, but confirm which edition your permit authority is applying.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Decking: substructure, footings, timber choice and termites
- Freegovernment10 min for Schedule 4Perth / WA
Building Regulations 2012 (WA) — Schedule 4, building work that does not require a building permit
Parliamentary Counsel's Office, Government of Western Australia
Why this oneRead this before you believe anyone who tells you a small deck does not need a permit. Download the current consolidation and go to Schedule 4 clause 2. It exempts a freestanding Class 10a building up to 10 square metres and 2.4 m high, a pergola associated with a Class 1 building up to 20 square metres and 2.4 m high, a retaining wall up to 0.5 m, fences, masts and water tanks. There is no item exempting a deck of any size, and the word deck appears in the schedule only in the evaporative cooling item.
Change this for PerthThe version read for this lesson was the official consolidation as at 23 July 2026, PCO suffix 04-ae0-01. Always download the version marked current rather than a cached PDF. A ground-level timber platform may still be treated as landscaping by some councils, which is a local decision, not a Schedule 4 exemption — get it in writing.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Decking: substructure, footings, timber choice and termites
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Decks — residential building and renovation guide
City of Joondalup
Why this oneThe clearest published statement in Perth of the practical triggers a council actually applies to a deck. It requires a building permit once a deck exceeds 20 square metres, sits higher than 500 mm, is closer than 900 mm to any boundary, is in a bushfire prone area, or includes privacy screens. It also sets out the development approval side — decking 500 mm or less above natural ground level does not need planning approval — and the R-Code setback table plus the 1.6 m privacy screen required where the deck is within 7.5 m of a boundary.
Change this for PerthThis is one local government's guide. The R-Codes visual privacy provisions are state-wide, but the 20 square metre and 500 mm triggers, the setback table and the screening rules are Joondalup's own application of them. Get your own council's equivalent page or a written response before you set the deck height.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Decking: substructure, footings, timber choice and termites
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Do I need to be a registered building contractor?
Building and Energy, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThis answers the question most Perth homeowners get wrong about decks. Registration is required only when all three tests are met — a building permit is required, the value is at or above the threshold, and the work is inside the prescribed area of 122 local governments. From 1 July 2026 the threshold is $50,000 for Class 10a building work and $20,000 for other building work. It also lists the kinds of work that do not require a registered building contractor at all, and installation of timber decking is on that list.
Change this for PerthNot needing a registered building contractor is not the same as not needing a building permit, and it is not the same as being allowed to build it yourself for someone else. If you are doing the work on your own home you may also need owner-builder approval from the Building Services Board depending on the value of the work — check before you start.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Decking: substructure, footings, timber choice and termites
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Balconies and decks — a guide to maintenance
Building and Energy, Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe WA regulator's own fact sheet, written after a run of balcony collapses, and it doubles as a build specification because every failure it describes is a detail you can get right the first time. It names the four WA killers — termites and European house borer, wet rot at timber-to-timber junctions, corrosion of fixings near the coast, and unplanned loads such as spas and planters. It says a well maintained timber deck should last at least 20 years, and warns that oregon and untreated pine are not suitable for external decks.
Change this for PerthPublished September 2019 and not updated since. It still refers to a building licence rather than a building permit, and quotes the old $20,000 registered builder threshold, which rose to $50,000 for Class 10a work on 1 July 2026. The maintenance and failure-mode content is unaffected.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Decking: substructure, footings, timber choice and termites
- Freesupplier20 minAustralian
ModWood installation guides and fixing instructions
ModWood Technologies
Why this oneAn Australian composite manufacturer that publishes real numbers instead of marketing, which makes it a usable benchmark even if you buy another brand. The decking sheet gives maximum joist centres of 450 mm for 23 mm boards and 600 mm for 32 mm, a 300 mm minimum ground clearance, 50 mm minimum over concrete, side and butt gaps, a 15 mm no-fix zone at board ends, and the number that matters most in Perth — a board in full sun runs approximately 20 to 25 degrees above ambient air temperature.
Change this for PerthManufacturer instructions are brand-specific and non-compliance voids the warranty, so use your own supplier's sheet for the actual build. Two ModWood rules apply everywhere in coastal Perth: use stainless steel fixings and stainless or KSL-series clips around pools and within 1 km of salt water, and fix boards when the ambient temperature is below 25 degrees and the boards are not sitting in full sun.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Decking: substructure, footings, timber choice and termites
- Freegovernment30 minPerth / WA
Guidance note: Controlling wood dust hazards at work
WorkSafe WA, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneCutting a deck's worth of jarrah generates a lot of hardwood dust, and hardwood dust is a recognised carcinogen rather than a nuisance. This is the WA regulator's guidance on identifying the hazard and controlling it — extraction at the tool, housekeeping instead of dry sweeping, and respiratory protection as the last line rather than the first. Read it before you spend three weekends cutting hardwood in a suburban backyard with no dust control.
Change this for PerthWritten for workplaces under the WA work health and safety framework, so the duties bind employers and people conducting a business. On your own block they are not enforceable against you, but the biology is identical. Note also that WA is transitioning from workplace exposure standards to the national workplace exposure limits, with the current standards applying until 1 December 2026.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Decking: substructure, footings, timber choice and termites
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Industry Bulletin 124 — Warning on inappropriate wind classifications
Building and Energy, Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe single best explanation of why a roofed structure is a wind problem before it is a weight problem, written by the WA regulator after audits found the wrong wind classification on plan after plan. It sets out the six steps for determining a classification under AS 4055 — wind region, terrain category within a 500 metre radius, topographic class, shielding, then the table — and states plainly that net design uplift can almost double between one classification and the next. It also gives the geometric limits beyond which AS 4055 and AS 1684 stop applying and an engineer must use AS/NZS 1170.2.
Change this for PerthWritten about Class 1a houses and dated October 2019, so it predates NCC 2025. The method, the terrain and shielding traps and the responsibilities it describes apply equally to the Class 10a patio or carport attached to your house, because AS 4055 covers Class 1 and Class 10 structures within the same geometric limits.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Industry Bulletin 174 — Fire separation of roofed outdoor areas
Building and Energy, Department of Local Government, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThis is new law and most published Perth advice has not caught up. It summarises the WA deemed-to-satisfy provisions for roofed outdoor areas introduced with NCC 2025 from 1 May 2026, and gives the three compliance options with their measured distances: a fire-resisting external wall, 900 mm to the boundary and 1.8 m to another building on the lot, or a reduced 500 mm and 1 m with extra construction requirements including a solid non-combustible screen at least 1500 mm high. It also shows exactly where the measurement is taken from, which is where people get it wrong.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Industry Bulletin 139 — Coating and corrosion failure to carports and patios
Building and Energy, Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe regulator's own analysis of why powder-coated steel patios in WA delaminate and rust, and it names the cause: inadequately galvanised steel, no primer before powder coating, or both. Its most useful line for a homeowner is the list of things the specification must state — amount of protective coating, surface preparation, final coating type, dry film thickness, and how welds and damage are treated. It notes that corroded structures are generally close to the coast or a river, which is most of Perth.
Change this for PerthDated May 2021 and refers to NCC Volume Two Part 3.4.4 and Table 3.4.4.7, which is 2019 numbering. NCC 2025 applies in WA from 1 May 2026 and the clause numbers have changed; the technical argument has not.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Safe locations for using gas barbecues and gas patio heaters
Building and Energy, Department of Local Government, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneRead this before you draw an outdoor kitchen under a roof. It is the WA gas regulator's current statement of what counts as an outdoor area for a barbecue, with four acceptable configurations, and it gives the number that most often kills a design: a minimum 1,200 mm vertical clearance between the cooking surface of a domestic barbecue and the ceiling, roof or overhead cover. It also covers LPG cylinder storage and the AS 1596 minor storage limit of 10 kg on a balcony.
Change this for PerthPublished November 2025. It states it does not take precedence over the Gas Standards (Gasfitting and Consumer Gas Installations) Regulations 1999 or the appliance manufacturer's instructions, and manufacturers routinely require larger clearances than the minimum.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Outdoor gas appliances in alfresco areas
Building and Energy, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe companion fact sheet, and the one that catches renovators after the build. It states that any opening fitted with a blind or shade material — even a retractable one that can be opened — is considered closed for gas safety purposes, so adding cafe blinds to a finished alfresco can turn a compliant outdoor barbecue into an enclosed-space carbon monoxide risk. It gives the 20 per cent permanently open rule for a balcony or verandah and diagrams of compliant and non-compliant areas.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freestandard45 minAustralian
Technical Data Sheet 19 — Pergolas and Carports
Timber Queensland
Why this oneTwelve pages of actual span tables for timber pergolas and carports with lightweight roofing, split into low wind speed tables (N1, N2, N3 and C1 — which covers suburban Perth) and higher wind speed tables. It gives maximum post heights against roof area supported, beam and rafter spans against roof load width, bolt-by-bolt fixing schedules, the three permitted bracing arrangements, and the durability rules: H5 treatment for posts in the ground, H3 above ground, hot dipped galvanised or stainless fixings only. Its most important sentence is four words long: footings are to be engineer designed for both bearing and uplift.
Change this for PerthIssued by Timber Queensland and revised March 2014, and the copy that is publicly downloadable is hosted by a timber merchant rather than by Timber Queensland itself, whose data sheets have moved behind a member login. It is a national timber design document, not a WA one — confirm your own wind classification rather than assuming the low wind table applies, and confirm your council will accept it, because most Perth councils want structural engineer's details regardless.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Patios — information sheet
City of Wanneroo
Why this oneA worked example of what a Perth council actually asks for. It states that every patio attached to another building needs a building permit regardless of size or height, then lists the drawings required for an uncertified application: site plan at 1:200 with levels, elevations at 1:100, construction details showing member sizes, spacing and spans, connection details to the existing roof frame and anchorage to footings, and structural engineer's details. It also publishes the street and verge bond — a $130 non-refundable fee plus a $2,000 refundable bond once the works are worth $20,000 or more.
Change this for PerthOne council's rules, correct as at July 2025, and its numbers are not universal — Wanneroo requires eaves and gutters set back 500 mm from a boundary where the R-Codes say 450 mm, and its setback table is written for R20 and R30 lots. Use it to learn the shape of the application, then get your own council's requirements in writing.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Plumbers licensing
Plumbers Licensing Board / Building and Energy
Why this oneThe regulator's statement that plumbing work in WA can only be done by a person licensed by the Plumbers Licensing Board, and the explanation of the difference between a tradesperson's licence and a plumbing contractor's licence — only a contractor can take responsibility for the job. It defines plumbing work broadly enough to capture everything an outdoor kitchen needs: water supply, sanitary and drainage work, including alterations and new pipe runs.
Change this for PerthRecent reforms let a householder do a short list of minor tasks such as replacing a showerhead or clearing a blocked pipe. Running a new water line to a garden sink or connecting a waste to the sewer is not on that list.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freegovernment5 minPerth / WA
Having electrical work done
Building and Energy, Department of Local Government, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneTwo sentences you need before you plan power to a structure: it is illegal for an unlicensed person to carry out electrical work in WA, including modifications to fixed wiring, and your electrical contractor must give you an electrical safety certificate within 28 days of the work. That certificate is the document your insurer and any future buyer will want to see for a new outdoor circuit.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Stone benchtop industry and engineered stone ban
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneDirectly changes what you can specify for an outdoor kitchen benchtop. Since 1 July 2024 the manufacture, supply, processing and installation of engineered stone benchtops, panels and slabs is banned in WA, and this page lists what is excluded from the ban and therefore still available — porcelain, sintered stone, concrete and cement products, bricks and pavers, ceramic tiles. It also covers the rules for working with legacy engineered stone already installed, which matters if you are demolishing an old alfresco.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Guidelines for work in the vicinity of overhead power lines
WorkSafe WA and EnergySafety
Why this oneShort, diagrammatic, and about the exact scenario that kills people building patios and carports near a front boundary: lifting a long member into the air under a service cable. It defines the danger zone by voltage — 0.5 m from an insulated line up to 1,000 volts, 1.0 m from an uninsulated one, 3.0 m above 1,000 volts, 6.0 m above 33,000 volts — and shows the arithmetic for adding the length of what you are carrying to that distance.
Change this for PerthThis edition dates from October 2006 and cites regulation 3.64 of the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996, which has since been replaced by WA's work health and safety regime. Treat the distances as the working benchmark, and confirm the requirement for the specific line over your block with Western Power on 13 10 87 before you plan the lift.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freetool5 min per tradePerth / WA
Building and Energy licence and registration search
Building and Energy, Department of Local Government, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneOne free search that covers all four licence types this lesson depends on — electrical, gas fitting, plumbing, and building services including builders, building surveyors and building engineers. Check the licence number on the quote, not the logo on the ute. It takes a minute and it is the only way to know that the person about to connect gas to your barbecue is authorised to do it.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Structures: pergolas, screens, gates and outdoor kitchens
- Freebook2 hours for Steps 1, 4 and 7Overseas — adapt it
Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
Rain Bird
Why this oneThe best free teaching text on irrigation hydraulics anywhere, and the source most of the trade was taught from. Step one covers static and dynamic pressure, friction loss and velocity; step four gives the three rules for working out how much flow a meter can actually deliver; step seven teaches pipe sizing by the velocity method, working backwards from the last sprinkler on the lateral. It states the industry limit plainly: "The industry has established 5 ft/s (1,5 m/s) as an acceptable maximum velocity", and it tells you to add 10% of all pipe losses as an estimate for fittings.
Change this for PerthAmerican document, US units first. Every chart is repeated in SI on pages 107 to 119, so read those. Ignore the pipe types entirely — Schedule 40, Class 200 and Type K copper are not what Perth retic shops sell. Substitute the Australian pipe data in the Vinidex and Iplex resources below, and treat its "water purveyor" advice as pointing at Water Corporation.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 1 — Hydraulics: flow, pressure and friction loss
- Freecalculator10 minPerth / WA
Pipe Flow Calculator — Rural and Irrigation Pipe Systems (WA only)
Vinidex
Why this oneA one-page printable chart published by an Australian pipe manufacturer specifically for the Western Australian market, covering 13 mm to 50 mm polyethylene. For a given head (10 to 90 metres, shown in both metres and kPa) and pipeline length it gives you the flow velocity in metres per second and the discharge in litres per minute. It is the fastest sanity check available on whether the pipe you were about to buy is big enough, and it uses the units a Perth pressure gauge actually reads.
Change this for PerthBuilt for rural pipelines, so the shortest length in the table is 100 metres and the shortest garden run you will design is more like 30. Reading a 100 metre row for a 30 metre run is conservative in your favour. It also models an open-ended pipeline with one outlet, not a lateral with six sprinklers on it, so use it for mainlines and single runs rather than for sizing laterals.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 1 — Hydraulics: flow, pressure and friction loss
- Freesupplier5 minAustralian
Rural Plus PE Pipe Technical Datasheet (VINTECH050)
Vinidex
Why this oneTwo pages, and it contains the number every friction loss calculation depends on: the real internal diameter of the black-with-green-stripes rural poly sold across Perth. 19 mm nominal is 19.0 mm inside and 22.4 mm outside; 25 mm is 25.3 inside; 32 mm is 31.6; 40 mm is 38.0; 50 mm is 50.8. All of it is PE100 rated PN8, meaning an 800 kPa nominal working pressure, which is the other number you need before you put a pump anywhere near it.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 1 — Hydraulics: flow, pressure and friction loss
- Freearticle10 minAustralian
PVC Pipe Sizing and Dimensions Guide
Iplex Australia
Why this oneThe equivalent table for PVC pressure pipe, which is what most Perth mainlines are made of, and it makes the point this lesson turns on: "A higher pressure rating requires a thicker wall, which reduces the ID." DN25 is 30.5 mm inside at PN9, 29.8 at PN12 and 28.1 at PN18 — same fitting, same trench, three different hydraulic answers. Free, no registration, and it covers DN20 through the large sizes.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 1 — Hydraulics: flow, pressure and friction loss
- Freecourse3 hoursOverseas — adapt it
Landscape Sprinkler System Design Tutorial
Jess Stryker, Irrigation Tutorials
Why this oneWritten by a licensed landscape architect and free in full, this is the most patient plain-English explanation of the same material Rain Bird covers more formally — measuring supply, working out pressure loss, and sizing pipe. Its companion pressure loss tables and free spreadsheets let you check a hand calculation without buying software. Read it alongside the Rain Bird manual rather than instead of it; where they disagree on a rule of thumb, Rain Bird is the more conservative.
Change this for PerthCalifornian, in psi and gallons per minute, and its pipe tables are US pipe. Convert: 1 psi is 6.9 kPa, 1 US gallon per minute is 3.79 litres per minute, and 5 ft/s is 1.5 m/s. Its watering advice assumes no roster at all, which is not your situation in Perth.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 1 — Hydraulics: flow, pressure and friction loss
- FreedirectoryPerth / WA
Find a Waterwise Irrigation Design Shop
Irrigation Australia / Water Corporation
Why this oneIf your sums say the design does not fit inside your available flow, this is where you take the numbers rather than guessing. Filter for Waterwise Irrigation Design Shop members — businesses trained by Irrigation Australia in water-efficient design for domestic systems — as distinct from Waterwise Garden Irrigators, who service and repair. Turning up with a measured flow, a measured working pressure and a station list gets you a far better answer than turning up with a photo.
Change this for PerthEndorsement means the business has been appointed to deliver the Water Corporation program, not that it is the cheapest or the best designer. The directory also lists interstate members, so filter by state.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 1 — Hydraulics: flow, pressure and friction loss
- Paid · AUD $200 application (member) or $300 (non-member), plus $440/$670 per examcourseAustralian
Certified Irrigation Designer (CID) Program
Irrigation Australia
Why this oneThe formal Australian path, run by the national peak body and registered training organisation, if you decide hydraulics is something you want to be assessed on rather than merely competent at. The pre-qualification exam covers pipes, fittings and hydraulics; the general exam covers hydraulic design, filtration, pumping and controls. Prices as published today: $200 member or $300 non-member application, $440 or $670 for each of the two exams, $500 or $730 for the expert-led design component, and $195 or $420 annual renewal.
Change this for PerthAimed at people already in the trade — it recommends two to three years' irrigation experience or a Certificate III. If you are designing one suburban block, the free Rain Bird manual above teaches the same hydraulics and costs nothing.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 1 — Hydraulics: flow, pressure and friction loss
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
No or low water pressure in your house
Water Corporation
Why this oneTwo things you need on one page. First, the supplier's own commitment — "We aim to provide 20 litres of water per minute at your water meter" — which is the floor your design must survive, not the number you will actually get. Second, Water Corporation's meter-based flow test: all taps off, read the meter, run the front garden tap for 60 seconds, read again. It also notes that flow at the tap is lower than at the meter, and carries the form to request a free pressure and flow test at your meter if your readings look wrong.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 2 — Measuring your water: scheme supply versus bore
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Changes in water pressure
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe single most useful page in this lesson, because it publishes the licensed pressure band and then explains why your reading moves. Water Corporation delivers "within a standard range of 15 to 100 metres head (mH) in the metropolitan area, and 13 to 100mH in regional areas" — roughly 150 to 1,000 kPa, a range far too wide to design from. It also states that pressure is lower during peak periods between 6am–9am and 6pm–9pm, which is exactly your legal watering window, and warns that replacing an old meter can reduce pressure.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 2 — Measuring your water: scheme supply versus bore
- Freegovernment5 minPerth / WA
Flow rate — standard level of service
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe formal statement that "the minimum flow rate for a standard level of service in Perth Metropolitan or Country Urban Areas is 20 litres per minute", and the warning that flow can be physically restricted at the service to stop one customer taking a large share. Read it before you assume the 35 litres per minute you measured on a quiet Tuesday is permanent — it is a measurement, not an entitlement.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 2 — Measuring your water: scheme supply versus bore
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
How to read your water meter
Water Corporation
Why this oneNeeded to run the meter-based version of the flow test properly: black and white digits are kilolitres, red and white digits are litres. It then works through each meter model Water Corporation installs — EDMI WP-20, Sensus iPERL, Iota SCL-61H, Landis+Gyr W350 — including how to wake the screen and scroll it. The digital models display live litres per hour, and the Iota also shows pressure, which turns a smart meter into a free flow and leak instrument.
Change this for PerthMost Perth properties still have a mechanical meter. The Perth smart water meter program is a trial of up to 16,000 properties running 2023 to 2026, so do not plan around a live L/h display until you have opened your meter box and looked.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 2 — Measuring your water: scheme supply versus bore
- Freetool10 min for your addressPerth / WA
Perth Groundwater Map
Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneType in your address and it returns whether the area is suitable for a bore in the superficial aquifer, the estimated depth to the watertable, the estimated depth to the base of that aquifer — which is the maximum bore depth allowed for non-commercial use without a groundwater licence — and an indication of salinity at the site. It is the free, official first check before anyone quotes you for a bore, and the salinity indication is what tells you whether the water will suit your plant list.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 2 — Measuring your water: scheme supply versus bore
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Garden bore regulation
Be Groundwater Wise, Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneThe regulator's own plain-English statement of what a garden bore may and may not do. It confirms the licence trigger — a licence is needed in a proclaimed groundwater area if you irrigate 0.2 hectares (2,000 square metres) or more, or use the water commercially — and states the rules people most often assume do not apply to them: two rostered days a week in Perth and Mandurah, watering only before 9am or after 6pm, and no sprinklers at all from 1 June to 31 August.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 2 — Measuring your water: scheme supply versus bore
- Freearticle10 minPerth / WA
Understanding your garden bore (factsheet)
Be Groundwater Wise, Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneThe best two pages in print for someone who has inherited a Perth garden. It gives the diagnostic test for whether the retic runs off a bore at all — shut the scheme water off at the meter, then start the controller — and notes that power cables running from the irrigation box into the ground indicate a mains-powered bore pump. It then draws both bore types component by component: the older well bore with cone lid, foot valve, suction pipe and manual switch, and the newer submersible in a flush in-ground box. About one in four Perth households water from a bore, and there are roughly 180,000 across Perth and Mandurah.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 2 — Measuring your water: scheme supply versus bore
- FreedirectoryAustralian
Find a Driller / Member
Australian Drilling Industry Association
Why this oneThe Department of Water and Environmental Regulation's own advice is that garden bores be constructed by an experienced, accredited driller licensed by the Australian Drilling Industry Association, and this is that association's searchable member map. Use it before you take a flyer off the letterbox — an accredited driller works to the Minimum Construction Requirements for Water Bores in Australia and gives you a bore log recording depth, soil profile, yield and pump make and model.
Change this for PerthAccreditation is a trade association membership, not a state permit. Ask specifically for experience in your suburb's aquifer conditions, and ask for the bore log in writing as part of the price.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 2 — Measuring your water: scheme supply versus bore
- Freegovernment5 minPerth / WA
Check your watering days
Water Corporation
Why this oneEnter your street number and postcode and it returns your actual rostered days, which are allocated by the last digit of your address rather than by suburb. It also states the rule this whole lesson is built around — "Only water once before 9am or after 6pm on your rostered watering days" — confirms that garden bore users in Perth and Mandurah are on the same roster and times as scheme users, and notes that $100 on-the-spot fines are issued for breaches with inspectors operating seven days a week. It adds the detail that catches people out: a controller malfunction is not a defence.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Freecalculator5 minPerth / WA
How long should I run my sprinklers for
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe published application rates that convert a station list into a total run time, which is the number that decides whether your design is legal. Pop-up and fixed spray 35 to 45 mm per hour, 13 to 16 minutes per station; rotary 10 to 15 mm per hour, 40 to 60 minutes; gear drive rotary 10 to 20 mm per hour, 30 to 40 minutes; dripline 15 to 20 mm per hour, 30 to 40 minutes; micro spray 35 to 45 mm per hour, 13 to 16 minutes. Target is 10 mm per watering day.
Change this for PerthThe 10 mm per watering day figure is a Perth default for a two-day roster on sandy soil, not a per-plant requirement. Hydrozoning exists precisely so that different stations get different depths and different frequencies — use these rates to convert your chosen depth into minutes, not as a target for every station.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Sprinkler Switch-off
Water Corporation
Why this oneStates the winter ban plainly — 1 June to 31 August every year, across Perth, Mandurah and parts of the South West and Great Southern — and confirms it applies to bore water as well as scheme water, to businesses as well as households. It lists the genuine exemptions, including new lawns and gardens, active sporting surfaces and irrigation fed entirely from a rainwater tank. Read it before you commit to an autumn planting date, because it is the reason a June turf job has to be hand-watered.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Apply for a watering exemption
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe single most useful page for a renovator, and the one most people find out about too late. It covers new gardens and new lawn including roll-on, runners, shredded lawn and seed, for both automatic and manual systems and for bores. It publishes the full graduated establishment schedule — 3.5 mm three times a day for the first ten days in summer, tapering to 10 mm every other day by day 42 — which tells you exactly what run times your establishment program needs and therefore how many stations that program can hold.
Change this for PerthThe exemption is time-limited from the day of planting: up to 42 days between 1 October and 31 March, up to 35 days between 1 April and 30 September. Watering outside the conditions of an exemption risks a $500 fine, so program the controller to revert to the roster on the day it expires rather than trusting yourself to remember.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Garden bore regulation
Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneThe state regulator's own statement of the bore rules, and the cleanest wording of the constraint that sets your run-time budget: "You can use a garden bore on two rostered days a week in the Perth and Mandurah area" and "You can use your garden bore once on a rostered day, either before 9am or after 6pm." It also gives the licensing threshold — a licence is needed at 0.2 hectares (2,000 square metres) or more — and confirms the 1 June to 31 August switch-off applies to bores.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Testing your irrigation
Water Corporation
Why this oneYou cannot draw station boundaries on an existing system without running it, and this is the page that tells you how to do that legally. You may run each station "for no longer than two minutes per station", "on your rostered watering days, either before 9am or after 6pm". It also confirms that a Waterwise Garden Irrigator can test on or outside your rostered days and during the Sprinkler Switch-off, which is how a large existing system gets mapped in a single visit in winter.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Freearticle20 minPerth / WA
Josh's House landscaping FAQs
Josh Byrne & Associates / Curtin University
Why this oneThe clearest published worked example of hydrozoning on an actual Perth block. It defines the term — "grouping plants based on their common water and management requirements" so that "various hydrozones can be serviced by different irrigation stations, and with different water sources" — then lists the seven hydrozones used at Josh's House in Hilton and the emitter type and water source for each: hardy perennials on greywater sub-surface dripline, turf on bore-fed rotaries, vegetables and fruit trees on dripline, advanced trees on spray stakes on a dedicated station, a propagation area on overhead sprinklers, and natives on dripline for establishment only.
Change this for PerthThe project dates from 2013 and the greywater and bore components are more than a suburban renovation needs. Read it for the hydrozone-to-station logic, which is unchanged, not as a shopping list.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Freetool20 minPerth / WA
Waterwise plants
Water Corporation
Why this oneA searchable WA plant directory with a water rating attached to each entry, which is what you need to sort a plant list into hydrozones rather than guessing. It makes the point this lesson depends on — "Think about grouping plants with similar watering needs so you can create a beautiful garden and water more efficiently" — and it is regionally calibrated, defining waterwise differently for northern WA than for Perth and the South West.
Change this for PerthThe water ratings describe established plants. Everything needs more water for its first summer, which is what the establishment program and the watering exemption are for.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Freearticle20 minAustralian
DIY irrigation planning guide: pop-up sprinklers with PVC pressure pipe
Holman Industries
Why this onePublishes the per-head flow figures that make the station arithmetic real — roughly 2.3 litres per minute for a 90 degree arc, 4.5 for 180 degrees and 9.1 for 360 degrees — and states the underlying reason for stations at all: "in most cases, it is not possible to run the entire system of sprinklers because you will not have enough water, so we divide the system into zones." Those three numbers let you total a proposed station in about a minute.
Change this for PerthThis is a manufacturer's own DIY guide, so the product recommendations are advertising and the flow figures are for that brand's nozzles at their rated pressure. It covers spray pop-ups on PVC only — no rotors, no dripline — and it does not address mixing emitter types, hydrozones or aspect. Use the published flow of the nozzle you actually specify.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- FreedirectoryPerth / WA
Find a water specialist
Irrigation Australia / Water Corporation
Why this oneTwo searchable categories matter here: Waterwise Garden Irrigator, for installation, maintenance and repairs, and Waterwise Irrigation Design Shop, for businesses that design systems. If you want a second opinion on a station plan before you trench, the design shops are the filter that separates endorsed designers from general retic sales. The site also states that only a listed Waterwise Garden Irrigator can supply the checklist required for the Water Corporation irrigation rebate.
Change this for PerthEndorsement means a business has been appointed to deliver the program, not that it is the best designer or the cheapest. Filter by state — the directory lists members outside WA.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Paid · $200 application plus $440 pre-qualification exam and $440 general exam for members; $300 / $670 / $670 for non-members; $195 annual renewalcourse6-12 monthsAustralian
Certified Irrigation Designer program
Irrigation Australia
Why this oneThe national industry body's certification, and the formal version of what this mini-course teaches informally. Stage 3, Irrigation System Design Guidelines, covers performance parameters, site considerations, system selection, hydraulic design and monitoring — hydrozoning and station design sit inside it. Worth knowing about so you can recognise the qualification when you engage a designer, and worth doing if irrigation is going to be part of your trade.
Change this for PerthExplicitly not entry level: it recommends two to three years of irrigation experience or prior formal training such as a Certificate III. For a homeowner designing one garden, the free alternative is the Waterwise Irrigation Design Shop directory above — a design review costs a fraction of the certification and answers your actual question.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 3 — Turning hydrozones into stations
- Freegovernment5 minPerth / WA
How long should I run my sprinklers for
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe published Perth application rate for every emitter family, which is the number that makes this lesson's decisions concrete. Pop-up and fixed spray and micro spray apply 35 to 45 mm per hour and need 13 to 16 minutes for the 10 mm target; rotary applies 10 to 15 mm per hour and needs 40 to 60 minutes; gear drive rotary 10 to 20 mm per hour over 30 to 40 minutes; dripline 15 to 20 mm per hour over 30 to 40 minutes. Read the rates as the design input and the run times as the consequence, not the other way round.
Change this for PerthThe 10 mm per watering day figure behind those run times is a Perth and Peel default for a two-day roster on sand. It is a scheduling default, not a plant water requirement — hydrozoning changes it, and Lesson 5 of this mini-course recalculates it from your own catch-cup data.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 4 — Choosing emitters: sprays, rotors, MP rotators and drip
- Freearticle60 minPerth / WA
A Guide to Water Efficient Landscape and Irrigation
Josh Byrne & Associates, prepared for the Water Corporation
Why this oneThe single best WA document on emitter selection, written by a Fremantle landscape practice for the state water utility and still the clearest statement of the trade position here: drip is the best system for garden beds, gear drives and rotors belong on turf, and micro spray is not recommended because of clogging, damage and poor distribution. It gives working pressures (drip generally up to 250 kPa, pop-up sprinklers up to 400 kPa), an irrigation station mapping sheet you can copy, and seasonal run-time tables by emitter type for the South West, Mid-West and North West. It also states the rule this lesson turns on — heads on a station must be of a consistent type, size and model.
Change this for PerthWritten for non-residential sites such as shopping centres and caravan parks, and aimed at grounds staff. The emitter reasoning, pressures and run-time tables transfer directly to a suburban block; the vandalism and site-management sections do not.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 4 — Choosing emitters: sprays, rotors, MP rotators and drip
- Freesupplier10 minAustralian
Techline AS pressure compensated dripline brochure
Netafim Australia
Why this oneA two-page datasheet with every number you need to specify dripline properly instead of buying whatever the hardware store stocks: pressure-compensating and anti-siphon, operating pressure 40 to 350 kPa, dripper flows of 1.0, 1.6, 2.0 and 3.0 litres per hour at 0.30 or 0.40 metre spacing, recommended filtration of 120 mesh (130 micron), a mechanical root barrier, and a maximum run length table by inlet pressure. That last table is the one people skip — 1.6 L/h drippers at 0.3 m spacing run a maximum of 104 metres from a 200 kPa inlet on flat ground, holding 40 kPa residual at the end.
Change this for PerthA manufacturer's own brochure, so treat it as a specification sheet rather than impartial advice. Competing Australian products from Toro, Rain Bird, Antelco and Pope publish equivalent tables — the point is to read whichever table belongs to the product you actually buy, because flow, spacing and run length differ between them.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 4 — Choosing emitters: sprays, rotors, MP rotators and drip
- Freearticle15 minAustralian
Good Landscape Watering
Irrigation Australia Limited
Why this oneFour pages from the national industry body, and the plainest published statement of the rule that kills more Perth stations than any other: do not mix different types of emitters on the one watering zone, and never mix drippers with sprayers or sprinklers. It also has the useful sanity check that 10 litres over a square metre equals 10 mm, which is the arithmetic every precipitation rate calculation in this lesson rests on.
Change this for PerthWritten for a national audience, so its example watering intervals are for a Sydney climate and its soil advice is generic. Ignore both and use the Perth numbers from the Water Corporation page above.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 4 — Choosing emitters: sprays, rotors, MP rotators and drip
- Freearticle20 minOverseas — adapt it
Selecting a sprinkler head
Irrigation Tutorials (Jess Stryker)
Why this oneWritten by a Californian landscape architect with decades of irrigation design behind him, and the best free explanation of when each head type is the right answer: sprays or rotary nozzles for lower pressure, rotary nozzles for long narrow strips, rotors only once an area exceeds roughly 9 by 9 metres. It states the rule bluntly — you cannot mix the types on one valve zone, because a high precipitation sprinkler beside a low one gives you mud in one place and dry spots in the other. It also gives Stryker's rotor spacing rule, which is the fastest way to catch a rotor layout that your pressure will never support.
Change this for PerthImperial units throughout. Convert: 30 psi is about 207 kPa, 40 psi about 276 kPa, and 1 foot is 0.305 metres. Stryker's rotor spacing rule in metric is roughly spacing in metres must not exceed inlet pressure in kPa divided by 23 — so 300 kPa at the rotor caps you at about 13 metres. Ignore the American backflow and code references entirely; WA requirements are covered in Lesson 6 of this mini-course.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 4 — Choosing emitters: sprays, rotors, MP rotators and drip
- Freearticle25 minOverseas — adapt it
Sprinkler coverage, nozzle selection and sprinkler spacings
Irrigation Tutorials (Jess Stryker)
Why this oneThe page that explains matched precipitation rate properly — that manufacturers deliberately size their nozzle sets so quarter, half and full circle heads apply the same depth per hour, and that mixing brands or series on one circuit breaks that guarantee unless you check the performance charts. It is also the clearest explanation of head-to-head coverage: 100 per cent overlap is required, water from any sprinkler should reach the sprinklers either side of it, and anything less gives you dry spots you will try to fix with run time. Those two ideas together decide whether a station can ever be scheduled sensibly.
Change this for PerthImperial units and North American products. The spacing and matched precipitation principles are physics and transfer unchanged; the specific nozzle model numbers do not. Perth's summer sea breeze is stronger than most of the conditions this page assumes, so if anything tighten spacing rather than stretch it.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 4 — Choosing emitters: sprays, rotors, MP rotators and drip
- Freearticle20 minPerth / WA
Landscaping FAQs for Josh's House
Josh Byrne & Associates / Curtin University
Why this oneA worked emitter schedule for a real Fremantle block rather than a general explanation. It lists each hydrozone and the emitter chosen for it: sub-strata dripline for the hardy perennial plantings, rotary sprinklers for turf, sub-surface dripline for the vegetable garden and fruit trees, spray stakes on a dedicated station for advanced trees, and no irrigation at all for the native zone. Seeing one Perth garden resolved into six different emitter decisions is worth more than another list of pros and cons.
Change this for PerthJosh's House was built new on a Fremantle lot with a bore and a greywater system, so the water sources are not typical. Greywater reuse in WA is separately regulated — do not copy that part of the schedule without checking the current requirements with your local government environmental health officer.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 4 — Choosing emitters: sprays, rotors, MP rotators and drip
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
The right advice for waterwise sprinklers and irrigation systems
Be Groundwater Wise, Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneThe state environmental regulator's own one-line recommendation, which is useful precisely because it is so blunt: dripline in garden beds, rotary or gear drive rotator sprinklers on lawns, and catch cups to confirm you are applying the 10 mm that Perth sand is scheduled around. It exists because household gardens account for roughly 40 per cent of Perth's scheme water use, and because bore households typically use more again.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 4 — Choosing emitters: sprays, rotors, MP rotators and drip
- FreedirectoryPerth / WA
Find a water specialist
Irrigation Australia / Water Corporation
Why this oneThe searchable list of Waterwise Garden Irrigators and Waterwise Irrigation Design Shops, filterable by member type and by rebate participation. If your measured pressure will not support the layout you have drawn, or your station schedule will not fit the watering window, this is where you buy an hour of a designer's time — a Waterwise Irrigation Design Shop will size and specify emitters against your actual flow figures.
Change this for PerthThe directory covers several states, so filter to Western Australia. Endorsement means the business has been appointed to the program, not that it is the cheapest or the best designer — get two opinions on anything expensive.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 4 — Choosing emitters: sprays, rotors, MP rotators and drip
- Freecalculator5 minPerth / WA
How long should I run my sprinklers for?
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe state water utility's published application rate for every common sprinkler type, which is the number that turns minutes into millimetres. Pop-up and fixed spray and micro spray apply 35 to 45 mm per hour and need 13 to 16 minutes for 10 mm; rotary applies 10 to 15 mm per hour and needs 40 to 60 minutes; gear drive rotary applies 10 to 20 mm per hour and needs 30 to 40 minutes; dripline applies 15 to 20 mm per hour and needs 30 to 40 minutes. Read them as starting bands to sanity-check your own measurement against, not as answers.
Change this for PerthThe 10 mm per rostered day target is a Perth and South West default for sandy soil on a two-day roster. It is a scheduling starting point, not a plant water requirement, and the bands are wide enough that two stations built with the same nozzle can sit at opposite ends of one.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 5 — Precipitation rate, distribution uniformity and run times
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
How efficient is my irrigation system? (catch cup test)
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe official WA method for a catch-cup test, in three steps: spread the cups evenly through the zone at least 1 metre from the nearest sprinkler, run the station and time how long it takes to reach 10 mm, then set the controller to that time. It also names the four faults that uneven cup readings point to — misalignment, leaks, blocked or worn nozzles, and simply the wrong sprinkler type for the shape of the area — and tells you where to buy catch cups. Short, official and free of product pitch.
Change this for PerthIt does not tell you how many cups to use, how to calculate distribution uniformity from the readings, or that a 15-minute test run has to happen inside your rostered watering window. Pair it with the Irrigation Association audit guidelines below for the statistics and with the testing rules page for the legalities.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 5 — Precipitation rate, distribution uniformity and run times
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
2-day Rostered Watering fact sheet
Be Groundwater Wise, Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneThe single best two pages in print on Perth watering arithmetic, and the source of the phrase this lesson is built around — 'millimetres, not minutes'. It states that 1 mm of water equals 1 litre applied evenly over 1 square metre, that most plant roots sit in the top 30 cm, and that for Perth's sandy soils a 10 mm standard drink per rostered day is enough to put water where the roots are without pushing it past them. It carries the sprinkler run-time table, the month-by-month seasonal adjustment table, and the explicit warning that those run times are for sandy soils and need adjusting for clay or loam.
Change this for PerthPublished in 2022, when the Perth and Mandurah bore roster was aligned to two days a week. The watering rules and the run-time table still match Water Corporation's current pages, but check the rebate and free-catch-cup offers against the live Water Corporation site before relying on them.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 5 — Precipitation rate, distribution uniformity and run times
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Why you need to adjust your irrigation (seasonal adjustment guide)
Water Corporation
Why this onePublishes the month-by-month seasonal adjustment percentages for Perth and the South West, which is how you turn one measured summer run time into a whole year of scheduling without reprogramming every station. 100% for January and February, 80% in March, 60% in April, manual only in May and September, the switch-off from June to August, then 60% in October, 80% in November and 90% in December. There is a separate North West table if you are outside the South West.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 5 — Precipitation rate, distribution uniformity and run times
- Freestandard30 minWorks anywhere
Irrigation Audit Guidelines
Irrigation Association
Why this oneThe free download that contains the actual maths a certified auditor uses: low-quarter distribution uniformity is the average of the driest quarter of catch devices divided by the overall average, and the run time multiplier is 1 divided by (0.4 + 0.6 x DU). It also sets the fieldwork rules that make a catch-cup test repeatable — a minimum of 24 identical catch devices, wind no more than 5 mph (about 8 km/h) monitored every five minutes, and devices set 300 to 600 mm in from the zone edges. It ends with the line worth memorising: below a DU of 0.40, fix the sprinklers rather than schedule around them.
Change this for PerthAmerican, and in imperial units — its precipitation rate formula is in inches per hour from millilitre catches. Ignore it and use the metric shortcut in this lesson instead, because 1 mm of depth is 1 litre per square metre and the conversion is unnecessary here. The uniformity maths, the run time multiplier and the fieldwork protocol are unit-free and transfer to Perth without change.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 5 — Precipitation rate, distribution uniformity and run times
- Freestandard2 hOverseas — adapt it
2014 Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices
Irrigation Association and American Society of Irrigation Consultants
Why this oneA 57-page free standard covering design, installation and management, and the clearest published explanation of cycle-and-soak: split the calculated run time into shorter cycles with a soak between them, one or two cycles on coarse soils and three or four on fine soils, and when you actually observe runoff, cut each subsequent cycle by about 20 per cent. It also gives the matched precipitation rate tolerance for heads on one station (plus or minus 5 per cent), the reason to specify lower precipitation rate sprinklers on slopes, and a worked run-time calculation. This is the document behind most of what good irrigators do by instinct.
Change this for PerthWritten for a US market with no equivalent of the Perth roster or the winter switch-off, and its worked examples are in inches and gallons. The bigger adaptation is the soil: its cycle-and-soak advice assumes runoff is the default risk, whereas on deep Perth sand the default risk is the opposite — water dropping straight past the root zone. Apply its cycle logic to your slopes, water-repellent patches and compacted areas, not to your whole garden.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 5 — Precipitation rate, distribution uniformity and run times
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Testing your irrigation
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe page that keeps a commissioning session legal. It sets the rule that you may only test on your rostered watering days, before 9am or after 6pm, and for no longer than two minutes per station, and it confirms that a Waterwise Garden Irrigator can test outside those windows and during the Sprinkler Switch-off because they are exempt from the restrictions. It also gives the meter-and-isolation-valve sequence for isolating a leak between the master valve, a zone solenoid and zone pipe.
Change this for PerthThe two-minute allowance is for fault-finding and flushing, not for a catch-cup test. A 15-minute catch-cup run is a watering event and has to happen as your once-per-rostered-day watering, before 9am or after 6pm.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 5 — Precipitation rate, distribution uniformity and run times
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Apply for a watering exemption
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe only legal way to water new lawn or new planting outside the roster while it establishes, and the page publishes the actual schedule in millimetres — which makes it directly usable once you know your precipitation rate. Between 1 October and 31 March you get up to 42 days: 3.5 mm three times daily for days 1 to 10, 5 mm twice daily to day 20, 10 mm daily to day 28, then 10 mm every second day. Between 1 April and 30 September you get up to 35 days at 4 mm twice daily, then 7.5 mm daily, then 7.5 mm every second day.
Change this for PerthApply on the day the lawn or garden goes in, because the exemption is counted from the installation date whenever you lodge it. Breaching the exemption conditions risks a $500 fine, and the page is explicit that the breach belongs to the property owner, not the contractor who laid the turf.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 5 — Precipitation rate, distribution uniformity and run times
- FreedirectoryPerth / WA
Find a Waterwise Programs Specialist
Irrigation Australia and Water Corporation
Why this oneSearchable by suburb and radius, and filterable by Garden Irrigator Member or Irrigation Design Shop Member. Design shops are where catch cups come from and where you can have a nozzle chart checked; Garden Irrigators are the ones legally exempt from the roster, so they are who you call if your uniformity test has to happen during the June to August Sprinkler Switch-off.
Change this for PerthEndorsement means the business has been appointed to deliver the Waterwise programs, not that it is the cheapest or the best. The list includes members outside WA, so filter by suburb.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 5 — Precipitation rate, distribution uniformity and run times
- Freegovernment30 min for Section 4Perth / WA
Building and Plumbing Handbook — Section 4, Backflow prevention
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe single best document on what WA actually requires, written by the utility that enforces it. Section 4 states the Backflow Prevention Policy in full — a containment device at the boundary of every water service connection, risk ratings of high, medium or low assigned at building approval, testable devices tested at commissioning and every 12 months, and reports lodged within 5 working days. It also states plainly that installing a backflow device is plumbing work and that only licensed plumbers qualified to install, test and certify these devices may do it.
Change this for PerthWritten for plumbers and builders dealing with Water Corporation, not for homeowners. Section 4 is the part that matters for irrigation; most of the rest is about water and sewer connections for new developments. It also confirms Water Corporation does not manage or accept test reports for zone or individual backflow devices — those sit under the plumbing standards and the Plumbers Licensing Board instead.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Installing a backflow prevention device
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe short version of the rule for anyone who will not read the handbook. It states that a licensed plumbing contractor must install, commission and repair all backflow prevention devices, that containment devices go as close as practicable to the point of connection and downstream of the meter, and that some backflow devices will reduce pressure and flow downstream — which is exactly why this lesson sits after you measured your available water and before you finalise station flows.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- Freegovernment20 min for regulations 3, 4 and 9Perth / WA
Plumbers Licensing and Plumbing Standards Regulations 2000 (WA)
Parliamentary Counsel's Office, Government of Western Australia
Why this oneThe primary law, free, and the only place that draws the line precisely. Regulation 4 defines water supply plumbing work as supplying water from a water supply system to a point of discharge, and defines the point of discharge for an irrigation service as including the outlet of the backflow prevention device. That one sentence tells you exactly where the licensed plumber's job ends and yours begins. Regulation 9 sets a $5,000 fine for carrying out plumbing work without a licence.
Change this for PerthConsolidated as at 1 July 2026. Read the current HTML version linked from this page, not a cached copy — these regulations were amended by SL 2026/48 and SL 2026/95 during 2026, and the plumbing standards they adopt changed on 1 May 2026.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Plumbing work in your home
Building and Energy, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe regulator's own list of what a WA homeowner may legally do to their own plumbing, and it is five items long — shower head, tap repair, cistern washer, filter cartridge, and a plunger down a blocked waste. Everything else is a licensed plumber. Page last updated 1 July 2026. It also explains the certificate of compliance a licensed plumbing contractor must give you within five working days of major work, which is the paperwork you want for the retic cut-in.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- Freestandard25 minAustralian
NCC 2025 Volume Three, Part B5 — Cross-connection control
Australian Building Codes Board
Why this oneThe Plumbing Code of Australia, free to read online, and the document WA plumbing standards have adopted since 1 May 2026. Table B5D7 is the one to find — it rates a Type C irrigation system as medium hazard for zone protection and a Type D system injected with fertilisers, herbicides, nematicides, insecticides or weedicides as high hazard for both individual and zone protection. If you are even considering fertigation, read that row before you buy anything.
Change this for PerthThe NCC is adopted state by state with variations. In WA the plumbing standards are set by regulation 48 of the Plumbers Licensing and Plumbing Standards Regulations 2000, which adopts Section A and Parts B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, C1 and C2 of the Plumbing Code — so not every part of Volume Three applies here.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- Freebook3 h+Overseas — adapt it
Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
Rain Bird
Why this one140 pages, free, and the closest thing the trade has to a textbook. Step seven sizes pipe and valves on the 1.5 m/s velocity rule; step six gives the rules for locating valves, mainlines and laterals, including the flat instruction that valves installed below ground must be housed in valve boxes and not buried directly in the ground; step eight sizes solenoid wire using equivalent circuit length and explains why sizing the worst-case circuit also sizes the common. It has worked exercises with solutions, which almost no free irrigation resource does.
Change this for PerthAmerican, and dual-unit. Read the metric figures in brackets and ignore the imperial ones. Substitute Australian metric poly and AS/NZS 1477 PVC pressure pipe for the US pipe schedules — the internal diameters differ, so use your supplier's tables for the actual numbers and take only the method from here. It also assumes 117 V or 230 V power and a US electrical code; in WA the 240 V side of the controller is licensed electrical work.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- Freearticle10 minAustralian
How to wire a solenoid valve to an irrigation controller
Holman Industries
Why this oneAn Australian brand publishing the two numbers that matter in metric — a cable size guide (0.5 mm to 50 m, 1.0 mm to 100 m, 1.5 mm to 200 m, 2.0 mm to 400 m) and the field rule that when making connections in the field you only ever use gel-filled or grease-filled connectors, because most field failures are caused by poor connections. It also walks the common wire and station wire terminations step by step, which is where beginners get confused.
Change this for PerthThis is an irrigation manufacturer's own page and it is written around Holman controllers and valves. The wiring logic and the connector rule are universal; check the cable size and maximum run length against your own controller and solenoid manufacturer's data, because solenoid current draw varies between brands and a less efficient solenoid needs heavier cable for the same distance.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- FreedirectoryPerth / WA
Find a Waterwise Programs Specialist
Irrigation Australia / Water Corporation
Why this oneFilter by Irrigation Design Shop Member to find a business that will check your mainline sizing, station flows and valve schedule before you dig, or by Garden Irrigator Member to find someone to install or commission it. Run by Irrigation Australia as the national peak body and tied to the Water Corporation programs, so it is the one filter that separates endorsed businesses from the general retic trade.
Change this for PerthEndorsement means the business has been appointed to deliver the program, not that it is the best designer or the cheapest. It also lists members outside WA, so filter by postcode. A Waterwise Garden Irrigator is not a licensed plumbing contractor — check both licences if you want one business to do the cut-in as well as the retic.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- PaidcourseAustralian
Irrigation Australia — training and certification
Irrigation Australia
Why this oneThe national peak body and a registered training organisation (RTO 91313) with a Perth office. It runs the Certificate III in Irrigation Technology (AHC32424), the Certified Irrigation Designer program and the Certified Irrigation Installer program, plus electrofusion and butt welding training for polyethylene pipe. If you decide partway through this mini-course that you want to design retic properly rather than once, this is where the trade actually learns it.
Change this for PerthCourse fees are quoted per course on enquiry and are not published as a single price, so ask for a current quote from the Perth office. The free alternative that covers most of the same design ground is the Rain Bird Landscape Irrigation Design Manual listed above — it will not give you a qualification, but it will teach you the method.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- FreetoolAustralian
Before You Dig Australia
Before You Dig Australia
Why this oneFree, and the only sensible first step before you open a mainline trench across a block you did not build. You register, draw your work area, and asset owners email you their plans. On a Perth renovation the things that hurt are the unmarked consumer mains to a shed, the gas service, and the NBN lead-in — none of which are on your title documents. Lodge it before you order pipe, not the morning you start digging.
Change this for PerthBYDA returns plans from participating asset owners only, and the plans show approximate positions. They are not a substitute for hand-digging or vacuum excavation to expose a service before you trench across it, and they will not show private cabling installed by a previous owner.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Electrical licensing in Western Australia
Building and Energy, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe page that settles the question of whether you may run your own solenoid cable. Under the Electricity (Licensing) Regulations 1991, electrical work is work on installations supplied at a nominal pressure exceeding 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC. A 24 volt AC solenoid circuit sits below that; the 240 volt supply feeding your controller does not. It also links the online licence search so you can check an electrical contractor's licence before you book them.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 6 — Mainline, valves, solenoids and wiring
- Freetool5 minPerth / WA
Check your watering days
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe official lookup that tells you which two days your address may run sprinklers, and the only source you should program from. It confirms the roster is set by street number rather than unit number, that garden bore users in Perth and Mandurah have the same rosters and times as scheme users, and that inspectors work seven days a week issuing $100 on-the-spot fines. It also kills the excuse most people try: a malfunctioning controller is not a defence, and sprinklers witnessed running outside the allocated days and times will attract an infringement.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Check garden bore water restrictions
Government of Western Australia
Why this oneThe clearest published statement of the actual rule in one place: Perth and Mandurah get two rostered days a week, once a day, either before 9am or after 6pm, from 1 September to 31 May, with no sprinklers at all from 1 June to 31 August. It publishes the full allocation table so you can see which two days go with each last digit of a street number, and it shows scheme and bore users sharing identical days. Read this before you touch the controller, because everything you program is a consequence of this table.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Sprinkler Switch-off
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe definitive page on the winter ban: 1 June until 31 August every year, households and businesses both included, and bore users caught irrigating referred to the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation. It also carries the line that matters most on a renovation — breaches are the responsibility of the property owner, not the person who installed the lawn — and sets the penalty for watering a new garden without an approved exemption at up to $500.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Apply for a watering exemption
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe one page that lets you legally establish new lawn or garden outside the roster, and it publishes the exact watering schedule you must program to. From 1 October to 31 March the exemption runs up to 42 days from planting at 10mm a day, tapering from three applications a day down to every second day; from 1 April to 30 September it runs up to 35 days at 7.5mm a day. It also states you must apply on the day the lawn or garden is installed, that you are charged for the extra water, and that failing the conditions risks a $500 fine.
Change this for PerthThe exemption covers new planting only. Everything else on the block stays on the normal roster at the same time, which means running the new area on a separate program or a separate controller output rather than lifting run times across the whole system.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- Freearticle10 minPerth / WA
Why you need to seasonally adjust your irrigation
Water Corporation
Why this onePublishes the month-by-month seasonal adjustment percentages for Perth and the South West — 100% in January and February, 80% in March, 60% in April, manual only in May and September, 60% in October, 80% in November, 90% in December — which is the single most useful number set for programming a controller here. It explains that the seasonal adjustment setting scales every station run time at once by a percentage, with a worked example, so you change one figure four or five times a year instead of editing every station.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Testing your irrigation
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe rule you need the day you commission a controller: you may only test on your rostered days, before 9am or after 6pm, and for no longer than two minutes per station. It also states plainly that if you need to test outside your watering days or during the Sprinkler Switch-off, a Waterwise Garden Irrigator must perform the test, because professionals are exempt from the watering schedules. That is the legal route to commissioning a system in July instead of waiting until September.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- Freearticle10 minPerth / WA
The right advice for waterwise sprinklers and irrigation systems
Be Groundwater Wise, Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneThe state environmental regulator's own short position on controllers, and useful because it is written for bore users, who are the group most likely to believe the rules do not apply to them. It backs the seasonal adjustment setting, the 10mm catch-cup standard for Perth sand in summer, dripline in beds with rotary or gear-drive rotators on lawn, and switching the controller off when it rains in any season — and it acknowledges smart controllers that adjust run times to local weather and can be driven from a phone.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- Freegovernment15 minOverseas — adapt it
WaterSense labelled irrigation controllers
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Why this oneThe only independent certification scheme for weather-based and soil-moisture-based controllers, and the clearest explanation of the difference between the two: weather-based units tailor schedules from local weather and landscape conditions, soil moisture units monitor the root zone and suppress watering when it is not needed. Products certified under both technologies must meet both specifications. Use it as a specification checklist when a retailer tells you a controller is smart.
Change this for PerthAmerican, and its savings claims assume unrestricted watering. In Perth you are capped at two rostered days, so a weather-based controller can only shorten or skip waterings, never add them — which removes a large share of the savings the EPA figures are built on. There is no Australian equivalent label, so treat WaterSense as a feature checklist rather than proof a unit suits WA.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- FreesupplierAustralian
HOLMAN instruction manuals
Holman Industries
Why this oneFree downloadable manuals for around a hundred products, including the dial and Wi-Fi controllers stocked in every Perth hardware store and irrigation shop — the Dial Ezy 4 and 6 station units, the WX8 and the Bluetooth BTX6. Most retic controllers on Perth blocks are installed with the manual thrown out, and this is where you get the day-of-week programming, seasonal adjust and rain sensor terminal instructions back.
Change this for PerthA manufacturer's own site, listed here because it hosts the documentation rather than as a product recommendation. Hunter, Rain Bird and Toro host equivalent manuals for their own ranges; buy on features and station count, not on brand loyalty.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- FreegovernmentPerth / WA
Waterwise Irrigation Rebate
Water Corporation
Why this oneWorth up to $200 credited to your Water Corporation account when an approved Waterwise Garden Irrigator repairs pipe leaks or faulty solenoid valves, and every rebated service includes a check of the automatic controller and an adjustment if required. If you are paying someone to fix a valve on an existing system anyway, doing it through a listed irrigator can return most of the cost and gets your controller programming checked by someone who does it daily.
Change this for PerthChecked on 2 August 2026, this page states "This offer is currently closed" — the last round covered services completed between 1 September 2025 and 31 May 2026, and properties that claimed in 2024/25 were excluded from 2025/26. Confusingly, the Waterwise offers index still displays it as open, so trust the rebate page itself and confirm the next round before you book work expecting a rebate.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Having electrical work done
Building and Energy, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe regulator's statement of where the line sits, and you need it because a controller has to be plugged into something. It states that it is illegal for an unlicensed person to carry out electrical work, including modifications to fixed wiring, that the work must be done by a person holding the relevant electrical licence, and that your electrical contractor must give you an electrical safety certificate within 28 days of completing the work.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 7 — Controllers, smart controllers and roster compliance
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Testing your irrigation
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe page that keeps commissioning day legal. It limits testing to two minutes per station, on your rostered watering days, before 9am or after 6pm, and states that professional Waterwise Garden Irrigators are automatically exempt from the restrictions and can test on or outside your rostered days and during the Sprinkler Switch-off. It also gives the meter-and-isolation-valve sequence for finding a leak: close the irrigation isolation valve and read the meter, open it and watch for immediate flow at the master valve, then manually activate the master solenoid and look for wet patches, bubbling soil or damaged sprinklers.
Change this for PerthThe two-minute allowance covers fault-finding and flushing, not a catch-cup test. A 15-minute uniformity run is a watering event and must be your one watering for that rostered day.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
How efficient is my irrigation system?
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe state water utility's own catch-cup method, in three steps: spread containers evenly through the zone at least 1 metre from the closest sprinkler, time how long the station takes to fill them to 10 mm, then set the controller run time to that. It also lists the four faults that uneven cup readings point to — sprinkler misalignment, leaks, blocked or damaged nozzles, and the wrong sprinkler type for the area — and tells you to re-test after fixing them. Free, official, and no product being sold.
Change this for PerthIt does not tell you how many cups to use or how to calculate distribution uniformity from the readings. Pair it with the Irrigation Association audit guidelines below for the statistics and the fieldwork protocol.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- Freestandard30 minWorks anywhere
Irrigation audit guidelines (CLIA/CGIA)
Irrigation Association
Why this oneFive pages containing the actual field protocol a certified auditor follows, including the rule this lesson is built around: pressure tests are conducted at normal operating conditions at the sprinkler, using the appropriate pressure testing device, at the beginning and end of each zone audited. It also sets the audit wind limit at 5 mph or less monitored every five minutes, a minimum of 24 catch devices placed 12 to 24 inches in from the zone edges, the low-quarter distribution uniformity formula, and the run time multiplier RTM = 1 / (0.4 + 0.6 x DU) with a full conversion table. It ends with the list of data to record — head make, model and nozzle, spacing, catch readings, pressure readings with locations, wind, soil type, date and time.
Change this for PerthAmerican and imperial: pressures in psi, spacings in feet, and a precipitation rate formula based on millilitres and square inches. Ignore that formula and use the metric shortcut from lesson 5, where 1 mm of depth is 1 litre per square metre. The protocol, the uniformity maths and the run time multiplier are unit-free and transfer to Perth unchanged.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- Freetoolprint and useWorks anywhere
Landscape audit worksheets
Irrigation Association
Why this oneThe blank field forms from the Certified Landscape Irrigation Auditor submission package — sixteen worksheets, eight for a rotor area and eight for a spray area. They give you a ready-made structure for the commissioning record: site and water source details, a high pressure and low pressure figure for every station, static and dynamic pressure during the watering window, a test area map with fields for test run time, wind and pressure, the catch can test grid, and the distribution uniformity and run time calculations. Printing these beats inventing your own sheet on the day.
Change this for PerthWritten for candidates sitting an American certification, so the first six pages are exam administration you can skip, and the pressure fields are in psi — write kPa on them and note the change. The rotor scheduling worksheet assumes a restriction of watering every third day; Perth is two rostered days a week, so use your own roster.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- Freestandard1 h for PG2 and Appendix AOverseas — adapt it
2014 Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices
Irrigation Association and American Society of Irrigation Consultants
Why this oneThe closest thing to a published standard for the two halves of this lesson. Practice Guideline 2 covers installation — locate and mark all underground utilities before starting, verify the flow rate and static and dynamic pressure against the design, set all sprinklers and valve boxes to proper grade, wire valves in walking order from the controller, make final sprinkler adjustments to avoid overspray, then test for operating pressure and leaks. Section 3.5 lists exactly what an as-built must show: sprinkler locations, valves, sleeving, sensors, mainline and lateral routing, wire routing, flush plugs and major trees, dimensioned from fixed features such as building corners and utility boxes. Appendix A adds a printable zone inspection checklist with the lines that matter here — depth of bury meets plan, trenches backfilled and grade level, sprinklers adjusted correctly for arc and distance.
Change this for PerthAmerican, and its scheduling assumptions come from a market with no equivalent of the Perth roster or the winter switch-off. Ignore the winterisation material, read square footage as square metres, and treat the utility-locate instruction as a Before You Dig Australia enquiry rather than the US 811 service it names.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- Freearticle15 minAustralian
Do's and Don'ts of Solvent Cementing Pressure Pipes (VX-TN-10D)
Vinidex
Why this oneAn Australian pressure pipe manufacturer's own technical note, and the only free page that gives the numbers that decide whether a solvent-welded joint survives: priming fluid must be used and not substituted, cut the pipe square using a mitre box, de-burr the spigot, coat the socket first, force the spigot fully home, hold the joining force for 30 seconds, do not move the joint for 5 minutes and do not strain it for 24 hours before pressure testing. It also carries the warning that matters most in Perth — do not work on hot, windy days, because evaporation of the solvent increases more than tenfold, and do not joint warm pipes.
Change this for PerthA manufacturer's technical note, so it is written around its own pipe and cement types. The 24-hour rule before straining a joint is the one people break; on a Perth summer job that means you glue laterals in the afternoon and pressure-test the following morning, not an hour later.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- Freearticle10 minAustralian
How to flush your irrigation system and replace pop-up nozzles
Holman Industries
Why this oneThe clearest short demonstration of the step most home installs skip. It shows flushing through the bare riser with no nozzle or filter basket attached for 5 to 10 seconds, or with a flush cap fitted for 15 to 20 seconds — the cap being preferred because it maintains pressure in the system — then pulling the riser up before fitting the nozzle and filter basket and using the ratcheting riser to align the spray pattern. That last detail is the one beginners miss: the riser rotates independently of the body, so you set the pattern without unscrewing anything.
Change this for PerthAn irrigation manufacturer's own page, written for spring maintenance on an existing system rather than for commissioning a new one. On a new install the timings are far too short — flush until the water runs visibly clear, which after a limestone-country trench can take a minute or more per lateral.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Working safely in hot conditions
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe WA regulator's own guidance, and the reason it is here is that retic installs happen in February and commissioning windows start before 9am. It publishes a usable hydration figure — 250 ml of water every 15 to 20 minutes in hot work conditions — plus the controls that actually work on a suburban block: reschedule hot tasks to the cooler part of the day, add rest breaks in cool shaded areas, use shade cloth to cut radiant heat, and account for acclimatisation, which takes 7 to 14 days to develop and is entirely lost after four weeks away from hot work. Last updated 11 February 2025.
Change this for PerthWritten as a duty on employers and businesses. If you are working on your own block those duties do not bind you, but the physiology does, and the risk is worse because nobody is watching you. Tell someone when you start and when you expect to finish.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- FreetoolAustralian
Before You Dig Australia
Before You Dig Australia
Why this oneFree, and the first thing to do on trenching day rather than on the morning you start. You register, draw your dig site, the request goes to asset owners and the plans come back to your inbox. On a renovation the services that hurt are the ones nobody documented: consumer mains out to a shed, an old gas run, the NBN lead-in and a previous owner's garden lighting cable.
Change this for PerthPlans come from participating asset owners only and show approximate positions. They are not a substitute for hand-digging to expose a service before you trench across it, and they will never show private cabling or pipework installed by a previous owner.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- FreedirectoryPerth / WA
Find a Waterwise Programs Specialist
Irrigation Australia and Water Corporation
Why this oneSearchable by suburb and radius, and filterable by member type: Waterwise Garden Irrigator for installation, maintenance and repair, Waterwise Irrigation Design Shop for design, and businesses appointed to deliver the Water Corporation rebate. Run by Irrigation Australia as the national peak industry body. Two reasons to use it on this lesson: Garden Irrigators are the ones legally exempt from the roster, so they are who you call if commissioning has to happen during the June to August Switch-off, and Design Shops are where catch cups and pressure gauges come from.
Change this for PerthEndorsement means a business has been appointed to deliver the Waterwise programs, not that it is the cheapest or the best. The directory lists members outside WA, so search by suburb and radius rather than browsing the full list.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Irrigation 8 — Installing, commissioning and auditing the system
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Having electrical work done
Building and Energy, Government of Western Australia
Why this oneThe regulator's own consumer page, and the single most important thing to read before you book anyone. It states plainly that it is illegal for an unlicensed person to carry out electrical work in WA, that an electrical contractor's licence number starts with 'EC' and an electrician's with 'EW', and that you must be given an electrical safety certificate within 28 days of any electrical work other than maintenance or like-for-like replacement. It also tells you what to do if the certificate never arrives — contact the contractor, then Western Power or Horizon Power, who will investigate.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Freegovernment15 min for the three regulations that matterPerth / WA
Electricity (Licensing) Regulations 1991 (WA) — current consolidation
Parliamentary Counsel's Office, Western Australia
Why this oneThe primary law, free and searchable. Read regulation 4A, which defines electrical work as work on anything supplied at a nominal pressure exceeding 50 volts alternating current or 120 volts ripple free direct current — that voltage figure is the entire basis for why 12 V garden lighting is DIY and everything upstream of the transformer is not. Then regulation 19, which makes unauthorised electrical work an offence, and regulation 65, which sets the general penalty at $50,000 for an individual and $250,000 for a body corporate.
Change this for PerthLong consolidated instrument — use your browser's find function for 'electrical work means' rather than reading it front to back. Check the version banner at the top; consolidations are re-issued when the regulations are amended.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Freegovernment8 minPerth / WA
Swimming pools and spas: electrical bonding
Building and Energy, Government of Western Australia
Why this oneThe page that catches people out. It states that all metal items within arm's reach of a bather — defined as 1.25 metres from the pool edge, and explicitly including light fittings, fencing, handrails and ladders — must be electrically bonded to the main earthing system of the premises, that this must comply with clause 5.6.2.6 of AS/NZS 3000:2018, and that the bonding must be carried out by a licensed electrical contractor. It also names outdoor lighting as one of the things to raise with your electrician at planning stage.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Freegovernment8 minPerth / WA
RCD safety switches
Building and Energy, Government of Western Australia
Why this oneYour transformer plugs into an outdoor power point, and that power point has to be protected. This sets out the WA baseline — at least two RCDs, installed to protect all circuits supplying power points and lights, with tighter obligations before a title transfer or a tenancy — and gives the manufacturer-or-three-monthly test routine. If you are having a new weatherproof outdoor GPO installed for the garden, this is the standard it has to meet.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Freetool2 minPerth / WA
WA Online Licence Search
Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe official register, and the one Building and Energy links to from its own consumer guidance. Enter the licence number or business name before you let anyone open your switchboard, and confirm the number actually starts with EC for a contractor. Two minutes here is the difference between a certificate you can hand to a buyer at settlement and undocumented wiring in your garden.
Change this for PerthIt is a JavaScript search application, so it will not open in a text-only browser and there is no direct link to an individual result. Search by the licence number printed on the quote.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Freegovernment30 min for Appendix AAustralian
National Light Pollution Guidelines for Wildlife (2023)
Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
Why this oneAppendix A is the best free plain-language statement of good outdoor lighting design published in Australia, and it was developed with the WA Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. Six principles: start from natural darkness and add light only for a defined purpose; use adaptive controls; light only the intended object, mounted as low as possible, directed and shielded; use the lowest intensity that does the job; use non-reflective dark surfaces; and use lights with reduced blue, violet and ultraviolet content. Ignore the offshore-industry framing and apply the principles to a back garden — they are exactly what separates a lit garden from a lit car park.
Change this for PerthWritten for environmental impact assessment near threatened wildlife, not for suburban gardens. The design principles in Appendix A transfer directly; the assessment framework, the 20 km habitat trigger and the taxa-specific appendices do not apply to a Perth block unless you are on the coast near turtle or seabird habitat.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Paid · $303.44 hard copy, or $273.36 for a single-user web reader licence (inc GST)standardAustralian
AS/NZS 3000:2018 Electrical installations (the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules)
Standards Australia
Why this oneThe document every claim in this lesson eventually rests on, and the one your electrician is certifying against. It is where the minimum depths of cover for underground wiring, the requirements for extra-low-voltage circuits, and the pool bonding clause (5.6.2.6) actually live. Current edition, published 26 June 2018 and amended by Amendment 3 in May 2023 — check you are looking at the amended version, not a second-hand 2007 copy.
Change this for Perth574 pages written for licensed trades, and expensive. For a homeowner the sane approach is to ask your electrical contractor for the depth and installation requirements that apply to your job rather than buying the standard — and to distrust any burial depth you read on a blog.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Paid · $371.44 hard copy, or $334.63 for a single-user web reader licence (inc GST)standardAustralian
AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2025 Electrical installations — Selection of cables
Standards Australia
Why this oneThe standard that gives current-carrying capacity, voltage drop and derating factors for cables under typical Australian installation conditions, including direct burial. If you want to size a long run properly rather than from the rule of thumb in this lesson, this is where the real numbers are. Note the edition: this replaced AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017 and was published on 19 December 2025, so anything referencing the 2017 tables is now out of date.
Change this for PerthCovers up to 0.6/1 kV a.c., so the tables are built around mains circuits. The voltage drop mathematics applies to a 12 V circuit unchanged, but the percentage limits quoted in the standard are not the right target for extra-low-voltage lighting — a 5% drop on 12 V is only 0.6 V, and LED fixtures tolerate more than that.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Freearticle10 minOverseas — adapt it
How to Use a Voltmeter to Find Voltage Drops
VOLT Lighting
Why this oneThe commissioning step almost every DIY installation skips: measuring the actual voltage arriving at the far fixture instead of assuming. It walks the system from the outlet to the transformer taps to each hub, gives the meter settings to use, and explains that the most common place voltage disappears is a poor connection rather than the cable itself. It also gives a working voltage window for 12 V LED fixtures, which is what tells you whether a reading is a problem or not.
Change this for PerthA US lighting retailer's own learning centre, so it is manufacturer content — treat the product recommendations as advertising. Mains is 120 V there and 230 V here, so ignore the 118–125 V outlet reading; measurement on the 12 V side is identical. Their working range of 9–15 V is for their own LED fixtures — check the datasheet for the ones you buy.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- FreesupplierAustralian
Holman outdoor garden lights
Holman Industries
Why this oneA useful free reference for how an Australian-market extra-low-voltage system is actually put together: a plug-in transformer hub or Wi-Fi/Bluetooth controller at the wall, a 2-pin (warm white) or 4-pin (RGB) plug-and-socket cable system rated IP67, and fixtures that clip on without any cutting or joining. Their own material states plainly that no electrician is required for the low-voltage side. If you want to see what the connector-based approach looks like before committing to cut-and-join cable, look here first — the same product family is stocked widely in Perth.
Change this for PerthA manufacturer's catalogue, so it is selling you something, and the page states the system is not compatible with other brands — a plug-and-socket system locks you into that brand's connectors. It also caps you at whatever the controller is rated for, which is usually well short of what a large garden needs.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Freetool10 min to lodge, then wait for plansAustralian
Before You Dig Australia
Before You Dig Australia
Why this oneFree, 24/7, and the only sensible first step before you put a shovel in the ground for cable runs. You lodge the location of your works once and the relevant asset owners are notified, then send asset plans and safety information straight to your inbox — instead of you contacting Western Power, ATCO, Water Corporation and the telcos separately. Lodge it well before the day you plan to dig, not the morning of.
Change this for PerthThe plans show registered network assets, not private cables. Anything a previous owner ran to a shed, a pool pump or an old garden light is invisible to BYDA and will not appear on any plan — that is what a cable locator and careful hand digging are for.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Garden lighting installation
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Improving sandy soil: wetting agents and mulch
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe state water utility's baseline, and the four numbers you will actually use on the day: organic matter mixed thoroughly through the top 30 cm, 5–10 cm of chunky coarse mulch over the top, wetting agent applied at the start of winter and again in early summer, and watered in until it foams. It also names the window for the whole job — autumn or spring, before you plant.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turning Perth sand into soil: clay, compost and wetting agents
- Freegovernment8 minPerth / WA
Creating a waterwise garden in 5 steps
Water Corporation
Why this oneUseful mainly because of the order it puts things in — soil improver first, hydrozoning second, plants third, irrigation fourth, mulch last — which is the sequence this phase of the course follows. On soil it is explicit that you mix both clay and organic compost into the top layer rather than choosing one, which is the single point most Perth homeowners get wrong.
Change this for PerthThe mulch depth here reads 10 cm while the utility's own soil page says 5–10 cm. Treat 10 cm as the target for coarse woody mulch over open beds and less where you are mulching up against plant stems.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turning Perth sand into soil: clay, compost and wetting agents
- Freearticle12 minPerth / WA
Turn sand into soil
Green Life Soil Co
Why this oneThe only Perth page that publishes real application rates instead of telling you to 'add some clay'. Bentonite at 1–5% by weight, starting at 500 g–1 kg per square metre; kaolinite at 5–15 kg per square metre; both incorporated to roughly 300 mm, a spade's depth. It also carries the two operational details nobody else mentions — bentonite goes into dry soil so it does not clump to itself, and in an established garden you start at the low end and build up.
Change this for PerthThis is a Perth soil supplier's own page and it recommends its own branded products alongside the generic advice. The rates and the reasoning match what the trade uses; treat the product names as advertising and price-check per cubic metre against two other soil yards before you order.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turning Perth sand into soil: clay, compost and wetting agents
- Freearticle15 minPerth / WA
Water repellency (fact sheet)
Soil Quality Knowledge Base (SoilsWest / DPIRD / UWA)
Why this oneExplains why your sand repels water — waxy organic compounds coating the sand grains — and gives the target that makes claying a measurable job rather than a vibe: lift the clay content of the surface soil to at least 5%, which on broadacre sand takes at least 100 tonnes per hectare of clay-rich subsoil. It also confirms that sands with under 5% clay are the most susceptible, and that coastal sand-plain soils carry the greatest risk in Australia.
Change this for PerthWritten for WA broadacre cropping. The 100 t/ha figure is for spreading clay-rich subsoil, not a bagged product — 100 t/ha works out to 10 kg per square metre, which is why it lands inside the 5–15 kg/m² range quoted for kaolinite and nowhere near the bentonite rate. Ignore the machinery and the yield economics.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turning Perth sand into soil: clay, compost and wetting agents
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Claying to ameliorate soil water repellence (fact sheet, September 2024)
Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD)
Why this oneThe current WA government position on claying, updated September 2024, free to download as a PDF from this record page. It is the source for the claim that clay is a long-term fix rather than a seasonal one — it raises water holding capacity and cuts wind erosion permanently, unlike a wetting agent that you reapply twice a year forever. Worth reading before you decide how much clay to buy.
Change this for PerthAgricultural document aimed at medium to high rainfall cropping country. The principle and the direction of the numbers transfer to a suburban bed; the delvers, spaders and mouldboard ploughs do not.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turning Perth sand into soil: clay, compost and wetting agents
- Freegovernment5 minPerth / WA
Minimising the risk of a Legionella infection at home
HealthyWA, Department of Health Western Australia
Why this oneRead this before you open the first bag. Legionella lives in potting mix, compost, mulch, soil conditioner and bulk garden soil, bagged or by the trailer load, and WA Health's precautions are specific: always wear gloves, wear a face mask to avoid inhaling aerosols, open bagged material carefully, keep the mix damp while you work, wash hands thoroughly afterwards, and store product out of the sun. This is the one genuinely dangerous part of a job that otherwise looks harmless.
Change this for PerthThe soil-borne species is the one that matters here. HealthyWA's companion Legionnaires' disease page (healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/J_M/Legionnaires-disease) names Legionella longbeachae as the most common strain in Western Australia and reports around 60 diagnosed cases a year against around 12 for the cooling-tower species, L. pneumophila. The handling precautions on this page are the defence.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turning Perth sand into soil: clay, compost and wetting agents
- Freegovernment10 min to read, 10 min to applyPerth / WA
Apply for a watering exemption
Water Corporation
Why this oneThis is the single most valuable page in the lesson, because it is the only legal way to water a new Perth garden more than twice a week. It publishes the exemption lengths (42 days from planting if granted between 1 October and 31 March, 35 days if granted between 1 April and 30 September) and, more usefully, the day-by-day watering schedule the exemption expects — 3.5 mm three times a day for days 1 to 10 in summer, stepping down to 10 mm every second day by day 29. Apply on the day you plant, because the clock starts at installation, not approval.
Change this for PerthWater Corporation does not grant these to licensed bore users — the page directs licensed groundwater users to the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation on 1800 508 885. Figures checked 2 August 2026; the exemption periods are reviewed and can change between seasons, so read the page on the day you apply rather than trusting this summary.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freetool30 minPerth / WA
Waterwise plants directory
Water Corporation
Why this oneSearch by suburb or by plant name and filter by availability, origin, garden type, colour and growth habit. The list is built from what Western Australian wholesale growers actually produce, so it doubles as an availability check — if it is not in here, your local garden centre probably cannot get it either. Each entry carries a water rating — minimum, little or medium maintenance — which is the plant's ongoing need once established.
Change this for PerthThe definition of waterwise is regional. For Perth and the South West it means the plant will hold up on one watering a week in summer once established; further north it means every four days. Establishment ratings are a separate thing again — a waterwise plant still needs full establishment watering in its first year.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freetool45 minPerth / WA
Waterwise garden designs for Perth and the South West
Water Corporation
Why this oneFour complete downloadable designs — native, coastal, Mediterranean and cottage — each with a bird's-eye plan, a shopping list and both common and botanical plant names. The reason to use them is spacing: the plans set out plant centres based on mature size rather than on how the bed looks on planting day, which is the calibration most people get wrong. Even if you never build one of these gardens, opening the native plan beside your own planting plan is a fast sanity check on your plant counts.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freearticle12 minPerth / WA
Creating a waterwise verge
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe state water utility's own statement that late autumn to early winter is the best planting window in Perth, and why — winter rainfall does the establishment work for you. It also gives the mulch specification this lesson relies on: an even 5 to 10 cm layer of coarse mulch, kept clear of the base of all new plants and trees, topped up every few months. Written for verges, but the soil, season, mulch and wetting agent advice applies to any Perth bed.
Change this for PerthVerges are council land and most Perth councils have their own verge treatment policy covering permitted height, sightlines and species. Check yours before you plant the strip out the front — this page is Water Corporation guidance, not planning approval.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freedirectory30 minPerth / WA
Growing Western Australian plants
Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority (Kings Park)
Why this oneKings Park's horticulturists maintain roughly 3,000 WA species in the Western Australian Botanic Garden, and this is the filtered subset they consider worth growing at home. Browse by growth habit — annuals, ground cover, shrubs, trees — and each species has its own profile page. When a nursery label and a landscaper disagree about whether something will survive on your block, this is the tie-breaker with the deepest WA horticultural authority behind it.
Change this for PerthIt is a species directory, not a how-to. Kings Park grows in a curated, staffed environment on Spearwood-type soils over limestone; a Bassendean sand block in Gosnells is a harsher site than the display beds suggest.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freedirectory10 minPerth / WA
Waterwise Plant Directory and Waterwise Garden Centres
Greenlife Industry WA
Why this oneGreenlife Industry WA is the state nursery and garden industry association, and this page carries its list of Waterwise Garden Centres — including regional centres, not just metro. What the Waterwise endorsement itself requires is not published here, so treat the list as a shortlist of where to start rather than a guarantee about the advice behind the counter. Use it to choose where to buy before you choose what to buy.
Change this for PerthEndorsement is a Waterwise program badge, not a quality guarantee on the stock itself. You still inspect root balls yourself, and a specialist native or wholesale grower that is not on the list may hold far better stock for a native-heavy plan. Note that the page links out to Water Corporation's plant directory rather than hosting one of its own.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freearticle15 minOverseas — adapt it
New tree planting
International Society of Arboriculture
Why this oneThe clearest free statement of the technique that matters: holes 2 to 3 times wider than the root ball but only as deep as the root ball, trunk flare partially visible after planting, lift by the root ball and never by the trunk, no fertiliser at planting, and stakes removed after the first year because trees develop stronger trunks without them. It is short, it is written by the international arboriculture body, and it does not try to sell you anything.
Change this for PerthNorth American document. Ignore the fall and winter timing entirely — autumn in Perth is April and May, not October. Its 5 to 7.5 cm mulch layer is at the thin end for Perth; Water Corporation specifies 5 to 10 cm of coarse mulch here. And its once-a-week watering assumes a soil that holds water, which yours does not — use the Water Corporation exemption schedule for the establishment period instead.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freearticle20 minAustralian
AS 2303: assessing for conformity
Trees Impact
Why this oneA free, Australian, plain-English walkthrough of how the tree stock standard is actually applied at the nursery, in four stages: visual inspection of crown and stem, Size Index calculation for containers of 20 litres and up, below-ground root ball assessment, and a decision framework for when a non-conforming tree is still acceptable. The specific checks it names — root crown at the uppermost surface of the root ball, root ball wider than high, no J roots, kinked roots, girdling roots or woody circling roots — are the ones to run on any tree you are about to pay real money for.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Paid · AUD $154.97 incl GST for a single-user PDFstandard29 pagesAustralian
AS 2303:2018 Tree stock for landscape use
Standards Australia
Why this oneThe document a landscape architect writes into a specification when they will not accept whatever the nursery loads onto the truck. It sets assessable criteria for container-grown, containerised, bare-rooted and ex-ground tree stock — above ground and below ground — including the Size Index that catches trees which have been held too long in too small a pot. Worth buying only if you are specifying several thousand dollars of advanced trees; for one or two backyard trees the free Trees Impact walkthrough above covers the same checks.
Change this for PerthPurchased here through Intertek Inform, an authorised reseller; Standards Australia is the publisher and the price checked on 2 August 2026 was AUD $154.97 including GST. The standard excludes palms, and excludes stock grown for topiary, espalier, bonsai, pollarding or coppicing.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freearticle15 minPerth / WA
Phytophthora Dieback
Dieback Working Group
Why this oneExplains why a plant can arrive already carrying the thing that kills it. More than 40% of native WA plant species are susceptible, including jarrah, banksias, grass trees and zamias, and the pathogen travels in soil, mulch and potting media rather than through the air. The practical instruction is short and worth following: ask for dieback-free soil, gravel, potting mix and mulch, and buy plants from NIASA-accredited nurseries.
Change this for PerthThe group's main focus is bushland management, so much of the site is about vehicle hygiene and quarantine areas rather than backyards. The relevant part for you is the sourcing advice — and it matters most if your plan includes banksias, grass trees or anything else in the Proteaceae.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freegovernment5 minPerth / WA
Legionella and garden soils
Department of Health, Western Australia
Why this oneWA Health's own page on the one genuine health hazard of a planting day. Commercial garden soils, bagged potting mixes and bulk soil supplies have been linked to Legionnaires' disease cases in WA through Legionella longbeachae, and the precautions are four lines long: use a face mask, wear gloves, avoid inhaling dust and aerosols, and wash your hands after using the material. Read it once and then actually do it, because opening a dry bag of mix at chest height is the classic exposure.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Planting: sourcing, technique, spacing and establishment
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Establishing a new lawn
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe state water utility's own preparation spec, and the only free source that gives you a soil profile by Perth sand type rather than a generic 'add topsoil'. On grey sands it says remove the top 100–150 mm and replace with a quality 70% red or yellow sand and 30% organic blend; on yellow sands incorporate organics into the top 100–150 mm; on the Swan Coastal Plain work loam in to at least 100–150 mm and up to 300 mm. It also sets the timing (late autumn and early spring), the establishment watering (three times a day for the first week, tapering over following weeks), and the feeding (slow release at laying, a light organic feed 14 days later).
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turf for Perth: choosing and laying Kikuyu, Couch, Buffalo or Zoysia
- Freegovernment15 min to read, 10 min to applyPerth / WA
Apply for a watering exemption
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe page that makes a new lawn legal in Perth, and it publishes the full day-by-day schedule rather than just the rule. It covers roll-on lawn, runners, shredded lawn and seed; grants up to 42 days from the day of planting between 1 October and 31 March at a 10 mm per day target, and up to 35 days between 1 April and 30 September at 7.5 mm per day; and sets out the tapering programme for each. Read the conditions before you apply, because breaching them carries a $500 fine and the property owner wears it regardless of who laid the turf.
Change this for PerthApply on the day the turf goes down — the exemption runs from the day of planting, so applying late costs you days. Water Corporation states it does not grant exemptions for properties with a licensed bore because those are managed by the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation; if you have a bore, ring Water Corporation on 13 13 85 before you order turf and confirm in writing which body handles your exclusion.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turf for Perth: choosing and laying Kikuyu, Couch, Buffalo or Zoysia
- Freearticle15 minPerth / WA
Turf varieties
Turf Growers Association of Western Australia
Why this oneThe WA growers' own published ratings, which is the closest thing to an agreed local baseline on the two numbers that actually decide species choice: minimum direct sunlight and invasiveness. Soft leaf buffalo needs a minimum 4 hours direct sun daily and rates low to medium invasiveness; couch needs 5 hours and is rated invasive to garden beds; kikuyu needs 5 to 6 hours and is rated very invasive to garden beds; zoysia needs 5 to 6 hours and rates low invasiveness. It also covers Queensland Blue, described as little to no thatch, which is the WA-grown blue couch most people have never heard of.
Change this for PerthThis is an industry association that exists to promote natural turf, so it will never tell you to lay less lawn or to consider an alternative surface. The species ratings are sound and match what WA farms actually supply; treat the advocacy content separately.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turf for Perth: choosing and laying Kikuyu, Couch, Buffalo or Zoysia
- FreedirectoryPerth / WA
TGAWA member growers
Turf Growers Association of Western Australia
Why this oneThe list of member turf farms with locations, which is how you buy from the farm rather than from a reseller who buys from the farm. Perth-area members include West Coast Turf at Neergabby, Lawn Doctor Turf Farms at Jandabup, Betta Turf at Wattleup, Greenacres at Serpentine, Permanent Brook at West Swan, AG Buffalo at Baldivis, Bullsbrook Turf at West Bullsbrook and Turf Developments at Nowergup. Buying direct is what gets turf cut, delivered and laid inside the same short window.
Change this for PerthMembership is a trade association, not a quality certification. The list also includes growers well outside the metro area — Ord Valley at Kununurra, Down South at Busselton, True Blue at Bunbury — so filter by delivery distance before you ring.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turf for Perth: choosing and laying Kikuyu, Couch, Buffalo or Zoysia
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Maintaining a healthy lawn
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe numbers you need for the first year after establishment, from a source with no product to sell. Mow every 7–21 days to a height of 10–20 mm through summer; apply a premium soil wetting agent or moisture retainer at least 3–4 times a year; apply slow release fertiliser at the beginning of spring and every 2 months through the warmer months at roughly 2 kg per 100 square metres — about an ice cream container. It also names the Waterwise Product and Smart Drop Certified labels so you can identify endorsed wetting agents and fertilisers on the shelf.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turf for Perth: choosing and laying Kikuyu, Couch, Buffalo or Zoysia
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Waterwise gardens, lawns and verges
Be Groundwater Wise, Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneThe state's groundwater program restating the lawn advice for the people it most affects — bore users, who are on exactly the same sprinkler roster as scheme customers and often assume they are not. It recommends warm-season drought-tolerant species, soil wetting agent at least three times a year, aeration annually in spring, slow release fertiliser every two months in the warmer months and once in winter, and a 5–10 cm coarse mulch layer in beds. It is also the right starting point if you are considering a waterwise verge instead of turf out the front.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turf for Perth: choosing and laying Kikuyu, Couch, Buffalo or Zoysia
- Freesupplier10 minPerth / WA
Cost to install roll-on lawn
West Coast Turf
Why this oneThe only Perth turf farm publishing an itemised breakdown rather than a single headline rate, which is what lets you read a quote. Turf supply only is put at $8.80–$15 per square metre plus delivery; installation labour at $5.50–$12 per square metre; removing existing lawn and soil at 100 mm depth at $15–$30 per square metre; supplying and installing quality sand or soil at $12–$22 per square metre; and a fully installed lawn averaging $28 per square metre across a $18–$55 range. The gap between the cheap and expensive ends is almost entirely soil preparation, which is the point.
Change this for PerthThis is a Perth turf farm's own marketing page and it states plainly that the prices are just an approximation. There is no date on the figures. Use it to sanity-check a quote and to see which line items should be on it, then ring two TGAWA growers for a current per-square-metre rate before you order anything.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turf for Perth: choosing and laying Kikuyu, Couch, Buffalo or Zoysia
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Working safely in hot conditions
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneLaying turf is the heaviest, hottest, most time-pressured day in the whole build, and this is the regulator's guidance on the hazard that actually hurts people doing it. It grades heat illness in four stages with the numbers — discomfort, mild illness, heat exhaustion with body temperature up to 39°C, and life-threatening heat stroke above 40°C with confusion and hot dry skin — and gives the practical control of drinking 250 ml of water every 15 to 20 minutes in hot work. It also sets out rescheduling hot tasks to the cooler part of the day, shade, job rotation and rest breaks.
Change this for PerthWritten for employers and PCBUs. If you are working on your own house the duties do not bind you, but the physiology does — and the moment you pay someone to help you carry rolls, you are in scope.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Turf for Perth: choosing and laying Kikuyu, Couch, Buffalo or Zoysia
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Improving sandy soil: wetting agents and mulch
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe state water utility's own specification, and the number this lesson is built around: "choose a chunky coarse mulch, which is better for water saving over soft, fine mulches like straw and lucerne", applied at 5–10 cm. It also names the water saving — up to about 20% in the garden — and puts wetting agent at the start of winter and again in early summer, watered in until it foams. Short, free, and with nothing to sell you.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Mulch, edging and the finishing details that separate pro from DIY
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Creating a waterwise verge
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe clearest official statement of the two rules people break: apply "a 5-10cm thick even layer of coarse mulch, making sure mulch is kept clear from the base of all new plants and trees", and top it up every few months. It also covers the part of your block you do not own — check your local council's verge policy first, contact the council before planting a verge tree, and use Before You Dig before you put a spade in. Strata owners need joint approval.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Mulch, edging and the finishing details that separate pro from DIY
- Freegovernment20 minPerth / WA
Termites and your home
Building and Energy, Department of Local Government, Industry Regulation and Safety
Why this oneThe WA regulator's own fact sheet, and the reason the strip of ground against your house is not a garden bed. Its checklist states plainly that "garden beds and plants should be kept away from direct contact with outside walls. Hard paving should be substituted", that soil from garden beds must not block drainage or ventilation openings in walls, and that untreated timber sleepers for retaining walls and garden beds should be avoided. It also explains the durable notice in your meter box and recommends a licensed pest inspection at least annually.
Change this for PerthWritten for the whole termite problem, not for landscapers — the landscaping material is the prevention checklist near the end. It does not publish the slab-edge inspection dimension, which sits in AS 3660.1 and in your own builder's termite documentation, so read the durable notice on your house rather than assuming a number.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Mulch, edging and the finishing details that separate pro from DIY
- Freearticle20 minPerth / WA
Your guide to waterwise gardening
Josh Byrne & Associates / Josh's House
Why this oneThe best single page on mulch written for Perth by someone who gardens here. It splits mulch into feeding, woody and permanent, explains that good waterwise mulches have a "coarse and irregular texture, allowing water to penetrate and the soil to breathe", and gives the sequence: condition the soil, plant, install drip, then lay 5–10 cm "keeping clear of the stem" at the end of winter or start of spring while the ground is still moist. Coarse woody mulch gets reapplied annually.
Change this for PerthPublished 2015. The mulching and soil sections are still exactly right; the watering roster table at the back is dated, so take current watering days, exemptions and the winter switch-off from Water Corporation instead.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Mulch, edging and the finishing details that separate pro from DIY
- Freearticle25 minOverseas — adapt it
Edge Restraints for Interlocking Concrete Pavements (PAV-TEC-003)
Concrete Masonry and Hardscapes Association
Why this oneThe only free document that treats edge restraint as engineering rather than trim. Restraint is required along the whole perimeter and anywhere the pavement material changes; at least 25 mm of vertical restraining surface must contact the side of the paver; restraints must never be installed on top of the bedding sand; and spikes must penetrate the compacted base and never be driven into soil. Those four rules explain almost every fanned-out, creeping paving edge you have seen.
Change this for PerthNorth American document — ignore the freeze-thaw sections entirely. Where it says crushed aggregate base, read compacted crushed limestone, which is the Perth standard. Its "never spike into soil" rule matters even more here, because deep sand will not hold a spike at all.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Mulch, edging and the finishing details that separate pro from DIY
- Freearticle15 minPerth / WA
Phytophthora Dieback — what it is and what you can do
Dieback Working Group
Why this oneCheap or free mulch is the most common way a Perth garden imports a soil-borne pathogen, and this is the WA group that exists to stop that happening. Its advice is specific and easy to act on: ask for dieback-free materials — soil, gravel, potting mix, mulch and plants — and buy plants from NIASA-accredited nurseries. Worth reading before you accept a free tree-lopper load of unknown origin onto a block planted with banksias, grass trees or jarrah.
Change this for PerthThe group's main audience is people working in and around bushland, so parts of its hygiene protocol are heavier than a suburban garden needs. The sourcing advice is the part that applies to you.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Mulch, edging and the finishing details that separate pro from DIY
- Freegovernment15 minPerth / WA
Silica — regulations, exposure standard and controls
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneCutting edging, kerbing, pavers or limestone blocks is silica work, and this is the regulator's page on it. It gives the workplace exposure standard for respirable crystalline silica as 0.05 mg/m³, lists cutting, grinding, trimming and drilling with power tools as the generating activities, and sets out the additional duties that commenced on 1 September 2024 under the Work Health and Safety (General) Regulations 2022. Read it before you buy a diamond blade, not after.
Change this for PerthThese are duties on businesses and workers. A homeowner cutting their own edging is not captured by the regulations, but the dust is identical and silicosis is irreversible — treat the control measures as the standard you hold yourself to.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Mulch, edging and the finishing details that separate pro from DIY
- Free tier · Free on standby; $49.50 priority delivery; $165 for 5 m³, $245 for 10 m³, $320 for 15 m³supplierAustralian
MulchNet — free and low-cost bulk mulch delivery
MulchNet
Why this oneA realistic way to get bulk woody mulch onto a suburban block without paying landscape-yard rates. It matches tree contractors carrying excess chip with people who want it, and it publishes actual prices rather than "call for a quote". The free option is genuinely free but explicitly a standby service — "we make no guarantee of when or even if you will ever receive a free delivery" — so it suits a bed you can mulch whenever it turns up, not a job with a finish date.
Change this for PerthNational service, not WA-specific, and the load is whatever the contractor chipped that day. You cannot specify species, coarseness or freshness, and you cannot get a dieback-free assurance. Fine for a back fence line; buy a graded product for the beds people look at.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Mulch, edging and the finishing details that separate pro from DIY
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Testing your irrigation
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe rules that decide whether you can legally run your retic on the day you want to adjust it. Homeowners may run each station for no longer than two minutes for testing, on rostered watering days only, before 9am or after 6pm. Critically, it also states that during the Sprinkler Switch-off you cannot test your own system at all — a Waterwise Garden Irrigator must do it for you, and they are exempt from the day and time restrictions.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Final clean and detail
- Freegovernment15 min to applyPerth / WA
Apply for a watering exemption
Water Corporation
Why this oneThe exemption that lets a brand new lawn or garden be watered outside the roster and through the Sprinkler Switch-off. Up to 42 days from planting if granted between 1 October and 31 March, up to 35 days if granted between 1 April and 30 September. The instruction that costs people their exemption is on this page: apply on the day the lawn or garden goes in, because the clock runs from planting, not from approval.
Change this for PerthThe exemption carries conditions on watering times and volumes and the property owner is liable for a breach even if a contractor installed the garden — the published fine is up to $500. Read the conditions attached to your specific approval rather than assuming.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Final clean and detail
- FreedirectoryPerth / WA
Find a Waterwise Programs Specialist
Irrigation Australia / Water Corporation
Why this oneIf your job finishes between 1 June and 31 August you are not permitted to run your own system to adjust it, and this searchable directory is how you find someone who is. Filter by suburb, radius and member type to get Waterwise Garden Irrigators, who can test, diagnose and repair during the Switch-off and outside rostered days. Run by Irrigation Australia as the national peak body.
Change this for PerthEndorsement means the business has been appointed to deliver the Waterwise program, not that it is the cheapest or the best. The list includes members in other states, so filter by location.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Final clean and detail
- Freegovernment10 minPerth / WA
Crystalline silica substances regulations: Information sheet
WorkSafe WA
Why this oneThe reason a broom is a safety item on this day. It confirms that any material containing at least 1% crystalline silica by weight is a crystalline silica substance — concrete, natural stone, bricks and tiles are named — and that "processing" explicitly includes "cleaning and maintenance processes, such as sweeping or emptying a vacuum cleaner". That is the final clean, described by the regulator.
Change this for PerthThese duties under the Work Health and Safety (General) Regulations 2022 bind businesses and workers, not a homeowner sweeping their own paving. The exposure is identical either way, so treat the controls as the method rather than as paperwork you are exempt from.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Final clean and detail
- Freearticle30 minOverseas — adapt it
Cleaning, Sealing and Joint Sand Stabilization of Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PAV-TEC-005)
Concrete Masonry and Hardscapes Association
Why this oneThe free technical note behind almost every sensible piece of advice about cleaning new paving. It explains efflorescence as a harmless surface deposit that does not affect performance, warns that the acid in proprietary removers is buffered where builder's acid is not, notes that volume of water matters more than pressure when rinsing, and sets the sealing rule that catches people out — the surface must be completely dry, with at least 24 hours free of moisture, before most sealers go on.
Change this for PerthNorth American document with imperial units — its washing pressures are quoted in psi and flows in gallons per minute. The cleaning chemistry and the sequence transfer directly. Ignore the freeze-thaw material, and note that Perth's limestone-based products and hard bore water make iron staining a far more common problem here than anything in the document.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Final clean and detail
- Freearticle20 minAustralian
ADSA Approved Lighting and the Best Practice Lighting Principles
Australasian Dark Sky Alliance
Why this oneThe Australian body on obtrusive light, and the source of the aiming principles used in this lesson — full cut-off fittings, warm colour temperature, minimum necessary brightness, and directing light only where it is needed to cut glare, spill and skyglow. Their downloadable guide and their approved-luminaire list are useful when you are choosing replacement fittings rather than just re-aiming what you have.
Change this for PerthWritten mainly for councils, manufacturers and large installations rather than domestic gardens. The principles scale down; the measurement and certification material does not, and you do not need it for a suburban block.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Final clean and detail
- Freegovernment30 minPerth / WA
Photopoint monitoring: a guide to establishing sites and taking consistent photos
Department of Water and Environmental Regulation
Why this oneThe free WA reference on repeatable photography, written for environmental monitoring but exactly what a before-and-after set needs. Photopoints are defined as fixed positions where consistent photos of the same area are collected over time, and the guide's core warning is that small changes in position, height, angle or direction destroy your ability to see change. Use it to shoot the "after" set as a genuine comparison rather than a highlights reel.
Change this for PerthAimed at revegetation and catchment monitoring, so the site-selection and record-keeping detail is heavier than a garden needs. Take the method and the discipline, skip the monitoring programme design.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Final clean and detail
- Freetool5 minPerth / WA
Find My Nearest
Recycle Right
Why this oneEnter your location and it returns the nearest WA recycling centre or drop-off point for the things that cannot go in a kerbside bin — which by the end of a landscaping build is most of what is left on the verge. It sits alongside a Materials A-Z and a council-by-council bin guide, so it also answers the question of which of your three bins the offcuts and green waste actually belong in.
Change this for PerthFacility acceptance, fees and free-tipping vouchers vary by local government and change without notice. Ring the facility before you load the trailer, particularly for rubble, treated timber or anything that might contain asbestos.
Link checked 2 Aug 2026 · from Final clean and detail